महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रभातायां तु शर्वर्यां तेषामक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् ।
वनं यियासतां विप्रास्तस्थुर्भिक्षाभुजोऽग्रतः ।
तानुवाच ततो राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prabhātāyāṁ tu śarvaryāṁ teṣāmakliṣṭakarmaṇām ,
vanaṁ yiyāsatāṁ viprāstasthurbhikṣābhujo'grataḥ ,
tānuvāca tato rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca prabhātāyām tu śarvaryām
teṣām akliṣṭakarmaṇām vanam yiyāsatām
viprāḥ tasthuḥ bhikṣābhujaḥ agrataḥ tān
uvāca tataḥ rājā kuntīputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaiśaṁpāyana said: When that night had dawned for those (Brahmins) whose actions (karma) were unwearied, and as the Pāṇḍavas were preparing to go to the forest, the mendicant Brahmins stood before them (the Pāṇḍavas). Then King Yudhiṣṭhira, Kuntī's son, spoke to those Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when the night had dawned (having dawned, become morning)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Brahmins (of them, belonging to them)

• अक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् (akliṣṭakarmaṇām) - of those whose deeds/actions are unwearied/tireless

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

• यियासताम् (yiyāsatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who desired to go (to the forest) (of those desiring to go)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - the Brahmins who were mendicants (Brahmins)

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - stood

• भिक्षाभुजः (bhikṣābhujaḥ) - mendicant Brahmins (eating alms, mendicant)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of the Pāṇḍavas (in front, before)

• तान् (tān) - to those Brahmins (to them, these (ones))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, after that

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when the night had dawned (having dawned, become morning)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawned, morning, become light

Past Passive Participle

From root bhā 'to shine' with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with śarvaryām in a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a particle for emphasis or transition.

शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

Note: Locative absolute construction with prabhātāyām.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Brahmins (of them, belonging to them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Brahmins.

अक्लिष्टकर्मणाम् (akliṣṭakarmaṇām) - of those whose deeds/actions are unwearied/tireless

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of akliṣṭakarman

akliṣṭakarman - one whose actions (karma) are unwearied, tireless in their duty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kliṣṭa+karman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kliṣṭa – wearied, troubled, painful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kliś 'to torment, be weary'
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• karman – action, deed, ritual, destiny (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective qualifying teṣām (Brahmins).

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Denotes destination, object of desire to go.

यियासताम् (yiyāsatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who desired to go (to the forest) (of those desiring to go)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yiyāsat

yiyāsat - desiring to go

Desiderative Present Active Participle

From desiderative stem of root yā 'to go'

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Adjective qualifying implied Pāṇḍavas.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - the Brahmins who were mendicants (Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise

Root: vip

Note: Subject of tasthuḥ.

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - stood

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Perfect Active

3rd Person Plural, Parasmaipada

Root: sthā (class 1)

भिक्षाभुजः (bhikṣābhujaḥ) - mendicant Brahmins (eating alms, mendicant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhikṣābhuja

bhikṣābhuja - eating alms, living on alms, mendicant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhikṣā+bhuj)

• bhikṣā – alms, begging
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
• bhuj – eating, enjoying
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root bhuj 'to eat, enjoy'
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Adjective qualifying viprāḥ.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of the Pāṇḍavas (in front, before)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'agra' with suffix 'tas'

तान् (tān) - to those Brahmins (to them, these (ones))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, after that

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (name of a queen, mother of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to rājā and yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his steadfastness in battle and dharma)

Note: Subject of uvāca.