महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-28

स्नेहात्करणरागश्च प्रजज्ञे वैषयस्तथा ।
अश्रेयस्कावुभावेतौ पूर्वस्तत्र गुरुः स्मृतः ॥२८॥

28. snehātkaraṇarāgaśca prajajñe vaiṣayastathā ,
aśreyaskāvubhāvetau pūrvastatra guruḥ smṛtaḥ.

28. snehāt karaṇarāgaḥ ca prajajñe vaiṣayaḥ tathā |
aśreyaskau ubhau etau pūrvaḥ tatra guruḥ smṛtaḥ

28. From attachment (sneha) arose both the craving for the senses and, similarly, the craving for sense objects. Both of these are detrimental; among them, the former is considered more significant.

Words meanings summery:

• स्नेहात् (snehāt) - from attachment, owing to affection

• करणरागः (karaṇarāgaḥ) - attachment to the senses, craving for instruments

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• प्रजज्ञे (prajajñe) - was born, arose, manifested

• वैषयः (vaiṣayaḥ) - relating to objects of sense, desire for sense objects

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

• अश्रेयस्कौ (aśreyaskau) - not leading to welfare, detrimental, harmful (dual)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine/neuter dual)

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the former, the first

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, among them

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - more serious, more significant (weighty, heavy, important, significant, a spiritual teacher (guru))

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, recollected, considered, taught)

Words meanings and morphology

स्नेहात् (snehāt) - from attachment, owing to affection

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - attachment, affection, love, tenderness, oiliness

From root snih (to be attached, to be greasy).

Root: snih (class 4)

करणरागः (karaṇarāgaḥ) - attachment to the senses, craving for instruments

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karaṇarāga

karaṇarāga - attachment to the senses (indriyas), desire for means/instruments

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karaṇa+rāga)

• karaṇa – instrument, means, sense organ, action
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• rāga – color, passion, affection, attachment, desire
  noun (masculine)
  From root rañj (to color, to be affected).
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of prajajñe.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

प्रजज्ञे (prajajñe) - was born, arose, manifested

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of jan

root

Perfect tense (liṭ), third person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Reduplicated form from pra + jan.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

वैषयः (vaiṣayaḥ) - relating to objects of sense, desire for sense objects

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiṣaya

vaiṣaya - relating to objects of sense, worldly, material, desire for objects

Derived from viṣaya (sense object) with aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of prajajñe.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

(indeclinable)

Correlative to yathā.

अश्रेयस्कौ (aśreyaskau) - not leading to welfare, detrimental, harmful (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aśreyaska

aśreyaska - not auspicious, detrimental, unwholesome, not leading to welfare

From a (negation) + śreyas (welfare, prosperity) + ka (suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śreyas+ka)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śreyas – welfare, prosperity, good fortune, better
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Comparative form from śrī (beauty, prosperity) or root śrī (to go, to mix).
• ka – (suffix for forming adjectives/nouns)
  suffix
  Used to form adjectives from nouns/adjectives.

Note: Predicate adjective for ubhau etau.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine/neuter dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in dual.

Note: Refers to karaṇarāga and vaiṣaya.

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etas

etas - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to karaṇarāga and vaiṣaya.

पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the former, the first

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, first, prior, eastern

Note: Refers to karaṇarāgaḥ.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, among them

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad (that).

गुरुः (guruḥ) - more serious, more significant (weighty, heavy, important, significant, a spiritual teacher (guru))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, important, serious, revered, teacher, preceptor (guru)

Note: Predicate adjective for pūrvaḥ.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, recollected, considered, taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, taught, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine agreeing with pūrvaḥ.