महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-14

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा स नृपः शोचन्निषसाद महीतले ।
तमध्यात्मरतिर्विद्वाञ्शौनको नाम वै द्विजः ।
योगे सांख्ये च कुशलो राजानमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१४॥

14. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktvā sa nṛpaḥ śocanniṣasāda mahītale ,
tamadhyātmaratirvidvāñśaunako nāma vai dvijaḥ ,
yoge sāṁkhye ca kuśalo rājānamidamabravīt.

14. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca iti uktvā sa nṛpaḥ
śocan niṣasāda mahītale tam adhyātmaratiḥ
vidvān śaunakaḥ nāma vai dvijaḥ yoge
sāṅkhye ca kuśalaḥ rājānam idam abravīt

14. Vaiśampāyana said: Having spoken thus, that king, grieving, sat down upon the earth. A wise Brahmin (dvija) named Śaunaka, who was devoted to spiritual knowledge (adhyātman) and skilled in Yoga and Sāṅkhya, then said this to the king.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• स (sa) - he, that

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

• शोचन् (śocan) - grieving, lamenting, sorrowing

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

• तम् (tam) - to the king (to him, that (accusative))

• अध्यात्मरतिः (adhyātmaratiḥ) - Śaunaka, who was devoted to spiritual knowledge (adhyātman) (one devoted to spiritual knowledge)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - Śaunaka, who was wise (learned, wise, knowing)

• शौनकः (śaunakaḥ) - Śaunaka (name of a sage)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, namely

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, verily

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a Brahmin, a twice-born (dvija))

• योगे (yoge) - in Yoga

• साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - in Sāṅkhya

• च (ca) - and

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, well-being

• राजानम् (rājānam) - to the grieving king (to the king)

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech that follows) (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of Vyasa's disciple)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from √vac (irregular root `uc` in some forms) + `tvā` suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of saḥ

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

शोचन् (śocan) - grieving, lamenting, sorrowing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocant

śocant - grieving, lamenting

Present active participle

From √śuc (to grieve, sorrow) + śatṛ suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of niṣasāda

Perfect active

From √sad (to sit) with prefix ni, reduplication, and cerebralization of s to ṣ due to ni

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Note: Also possible masculine locative singular. Context indicates neuter or masculine equally.

तम् (tam) - to the king (to him, that (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

अध्यात्मरतिः (adhyātmaratiḥ) - Śaunaka, who was devoted to spiritual knowledge (adhyātman) (one devoted to spiritual knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhyātmarati

adhyātmarati - delight in spiritual knowledge, devotion to spiritual matters

Note: Refers to Śaunaka.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - Śaunaka, who was wise (learned, wise, knowing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise

Present active participle

From √vid (to know) + vasu suffix (irregular present active participle)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to Śaunaka.

शौनकः (śaunakaḥ) - Śaunaka (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - Śaunaka (name of a famous sage)

नाम (nāma) - by name, namely

(indeclinable)

Often used as an emphatic particle or to indicate a name

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, verily

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a Brahmin, a twice-born (dvija))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya), a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Note: Refers to Śaunaka.

योगे (yoge) - in Yoga

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual discipline, method, application

From √yuj (to join, to connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - in Sāṅkhya

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - relating to number, enumerative, Sāṅkhya philosophy

From saṃkhyā (number, enumeration)

Note: Also possible masculine locative singular.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, well-being

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skilled, expert, clever, well-being, welfare

राजानम् (rājānam) - to the grieving king (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Null-stem noun ending in an

Note: Refers to the grieving king.

इदम् (idam) - this (speech that follows) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Acts as the object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect active

From √vac (irregular root bru in imperfect)

Root: vac (class 2)