महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-75

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं विनिहतं संख्ये किर्मीरं राक्षसोत्तमम् ।
श्रुत्वा ध्यानपरो राजा निशश्वासार्तवत्तदा ॥७५॥

75. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ vinihataṁ saṁkhye kirmīraṁ rākṣasottamam ,
śrutvā dhyānaparo rājā niśaśvāsārtavattadā.

75. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam vinihatam saṃkhye kirmīram
rākṣasottamam śrutvā dhyānaparaḥ rājā niśaśvāsa ārtavat tadā

75. Vaisampayana said: When he heard that Kirmira, the foremost of the Rākṣasas, had been thus killed in battle, the king, absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), then sighed sorrowfully.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

• किर्मीरम् (kirmīram) - Kirmira (name of a rakshasa)

• राक्षसोत्तमम् (rākṣasottamam) - foremost of the Rākṣasas (chief of rakshasas, best of rakshasas)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), having meditation (dhyāna) as supreme)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (likely Yudhishthira) (king)

• निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed (sighed, breathed out)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - sorrowfully (like one distressed, sorrowfully, painfully)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaisampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Speaker in the narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vinihatam'.

विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with upasargas vi-ni-

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kirmīram' and 'rākṣasottamam'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - number, enumeration, battle, war

Note: Refers to the location of the killing.

किर्मीरम् (kirmīram) - Kirmira (name of a rakshasa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirmīra

kirmīra - Kirmira (name of a powerful Rākṣasa killed by Bhima)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā' (implicitly 'was killed').

राक्षसोत्तमम् (rākṣasottamam) - foremost of the Rākṣasas (chief of rakshasas, best of rakshasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasottama

rākṣasottama - chief of rakshasas, best among rakshasas

Compound of rākṣasa (demon) and uttama (best, chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+uttama)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil being, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Kirmira.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Precedes the main action of sighing.

ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), having meditation (dhyāna) as supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyānapara

dhyānapara - devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), intent on

Compound of dhyāna (meditation) and para (devoted to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhyāna+para)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation, thought
  noun (neuter)
• para – supreme, highest, ultimate; devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - the king (likely Yudhishthira) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'niśaśvāsa'.

निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed (sighed, breathed out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śvas

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense from root śvas (to breathe) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - sorrowfully (like one distressed, sorrowfully, painfully)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from ārta (distressed) with suffix -vat

Note: Modifies 'niśaśvāsa'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.