महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-75

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं विनिहतं संख्ये किर्मीरं राक्षसोत्तमम् ।
श्रुत्वा ध्यानपरो राजा निशश्वासार्तवत्तदा ॥७५॥

75. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ vinihataṁ saṁkhye kirmīraṁ rākṣasottamam ,
śrutvā dhyānaparo rājā niśaśvāsārtavattadā.

75. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam vinihatam saṃkhye kirmīram
rākṣasottamam śrutvā dhyānaparaḥ rājā niśaśvāsa ārtavat tadā

75. Vaisampayana said: When he heard that Kirmira, the foremost of the Rākṣasas, had been thus killed in battle, the king, absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), then sighed sorrowfully.

75. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע המלך על קִירְמִירַה, גדול הרָאקְשַׁסוֹת, שנהרג כך בקרב, הוא שקע במחשבות ונאנח כמי שנפגע מצער.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

• किर्मीरम् (kirmīram) - Kirmira (name of a rakshasa)

• राक्षसोत्तमम् (rākṣasottamam) - foremost of the Rākṣasas (chief of rakshasas, best of rakshasas)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), having meditation (dhyāna) as supreme)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (likely Yudhishthira) (king)

• निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed (sighed, breathed out)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - sorrowfully (like one distressed, sorrowfully, painfully)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaisampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Speaker in the narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vinihatam'.

विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with upasargas vi-ni-

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kirmīram' and 'rākṣasottamam'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - number, enumeration, battle, war

Note: Refers to the location of the killing.

किर्मीरम् (kirmīram) - Kirmira (name of a rakshasa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirmīra

kirmīra - Kirmira (name of a powerful Rākṣasa killed by Bhima)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā' (implicitly 'was killed').

राक्षसोत्तमम् (rākṣasottamam) - foremost of the Rākṣasas (chief of rakshasas, best of rakshasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasottama

rākṣasottama - chief of rakshasas, best among rakshasas

Compound of rākṣasa (demon) and uttama (best, chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+uttama)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil being, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Kirmira.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Precedes the main action of sighing.

ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), having meditation (dhyāna) as supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyānapara

dhyānapara - devoted to meditation, absorbed in thought (dhyāna), intent on

Compound of dhyāna (meditation) and para (devoted to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhyāna+para)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation, thought
  noun (neuter)
• para – supreme, highest, ultimate; devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - the king (likely Yudhishthira) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'niśaśvāsa'.

निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed (sighed, breathed out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śvas

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense from root śvas (to breathe) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - sorrowfully (like one distressed, sorrowfully, painfully)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from ārta (distressed) with suffix -vat

Note: Modifies 'niśaśvāsa'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

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