महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-48

शीर्षयोः पतिता वृक्षा बिभिदुर्नैकधा तयोः ।
यथैवोत्पलपद्मानि मत्तयोर्द्विपयोस्तथा ॥४८॥

48. śīrṣayoḥ patitā vṛkṣā bibhidurnaikadhā tayoḥ ,
yathaivotpalapadmāni mattayordvipayostathā.

48. śīrṣayoḥ patitā vṛkṣā bibhidur na ekadhā tayoḥ
yathā eva utpalapadmāni mattayoḥ dvipayoḥ tathā

48. The trees, falling upon their heads, were shattered in countless ways, just as water-lilies and lotuses are crushed by two intoxicated elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• शीर्षयोः (śīrṣayoḥ) - on the two heads

• पतिता (patitā) - fallen, dropped

• वृक्षा (vṛkṣā) - trees

• बिभिदुर् (bibhidur) - they broke, split, shattered

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एकधा (ekadhā) - uniformly (in one way, uniformly, in one part)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, their

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• उत्पलपद्मानि (utpalapadmāni) - water-lilies and lotuses

• मत्तयोः (mattayoḥ) - of the two intoxicated, maddened

• द्विपयोः (dvipayoḥ) - of the two elephants

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

Words meanings and morphology

शीर्षयोः (śīrṣayoḥ) - on the two heads

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of śīrṣa

śīrṣa - head, skull, top, summit

Note: Refers to the heads of Bhima and Kirmira.

पतिता (patitā) - fallen, dropped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vṛkṣāḥ`.

वृक्षा (vṛkṣā) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Subject of `bibhidur`.

बिभिदुर् (bibhidur) - they broke, split, shattered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhid

Perfect tense (Liṭ-lakāra) 3rd person plural active.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Subject is `vṛkṣāḥ`.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `ekadhā`.

एकधा (ekadhā) - uniformly (in one way, uniformly, in one part)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix dhā.

Note: Used with `na` to mean 'in many ways'.

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhima and Kirmira.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `yathā`.

उत्पलपद्मानि (utpalapadmāni) - water-lilies and lotuses

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of utpalapadma

utpalapadma - water-lily and lotus

Dvanda compound of utpala (water-lily) and padma (lotus).

Compound type : dvandva (utpala+padma)

• utpala – water-lily, blue lotus
  noun (neuter)
• padma – lotus, sacred lotus
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implied object of shattering.

मत्तयोः (mattayoḥ) - of the two intoxicated, maddened

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, maddened, furious, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √mad (to be intoxicated/furious).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies `dvipayoḥ`.

द्विपयोः (dvipayoḥ) - of the two elephants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker')

Compound: dvi (two) + pa (drinker, from √pā).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds to `yathā`.