महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-10

तस्य नादेन संत्रस्ताः पक्षिणः सर्वतोदिशम् ।
विमुक्तनादाः संपेतुः स्थलजा जलजैः सह ॥१०॥

10. tasya nādena saṁtrastāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ sarvatodiśam ,
vimuktanādāḥ saṁpetuḥ sthalajā jalajaiḥ saha.

10. tasya nādena saṃtrastāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ sarvatodiśam
vimuktanādāḥ saṃpetuḥ sthalajā jalajaiḥ saha

10. Terrified by his sound, the birds, both land-dwelling and water-dwelling, fled in all directions, having ceased their cries.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, its

• नादेन (nādena) - by the sound, by the roar

• संत्रस्ताः (saṁtrastāḥ) - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds, winged creatures

• सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, towards all quarters

• विमुक्तनादाः (vimuktanādāḥ) - having abandoned their cries, silent, with voices released (stopped)

• संपेतुः (saṁpetuḥ) - they flew together, they rushed, they fled

• स्थलजा (sthalajā) - land-born, living on land, terrestrial

• जलजैः (jalajaiḥ) - with water-born, with aquatic (creatures or birds)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the source of the sound mentioned previously.

नादेन (nādena) - by the sound, by the roar

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, cry, noise

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the birds were terrified.

संत्रस्ताः (saṁtrastāḥ) - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √tras (to tremble, be afraid) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies pakṣiṇaḥ.

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds, winged creatures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, towards all quarters

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound (from sarvataḥ + diś)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sarvataḥ+diś)

• sarvataḥ – from all sides, everywhere
  indeclinable
• diś – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates the direction of the birds' flight.

विमुक्तनादाः (vimuktanādāḥ) - having abandoned their cries, silent, with voices released (stopped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimuktanāda

vimuktanāda - having abandoned their cries, silent

Bahuvrīhi compound: vi-mukta (released, abandoned) + nāda (sound, cry)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vimukta+nāda)

• vimukta – released, abandoned, let go
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √muc (to release) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: muc (class 6)
• nāda – sound, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies pakṣiṇaḥ, describing their state as they fled.

संपेतुः (saṁpetuḥ) - they flew together, they rushed, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of saṃpat

Perfect tense 3rd person plural of verb root √pat (to fly, fall) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

स्थलजा (sthalajā) - land-born, living on land, terrestrial

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthalaja

sthalaja - land-born, living on land, terrestrial

Compound: sthala (land) + ja (born, produced from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sthala+ja)

• sthala – land, dry ground
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from, growing in
  adjective
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √jan (to be born, to grow)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to land-dwelling birds, implicitly qualifying pakṣiṇaḥ.

जलजैः (jalajaiḥ) - with water-born, with aquatic (creatures or birds)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jalaja

jalaja - water-born, aquatic, growing in water

Compound: jala (water) + ja (born, produced from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+ja)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from, growing in
  adjective
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √jan (to be born, to grow)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to water-dwelling birds, used with saha.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition requiring instrumental case for the accompanying noun.