महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-51

ततः शिलां समुत्क्षिप्य भीमस्य युधि तिष्ठतः ।
प्राहिणोद्राक्षसः क्रुद्धो भीमसेनश्चचाल ह ॥५१॥

51. tataḥ śilāṁ samutkṣipya bhīmasya yudhi tiṣṭhataḥ ,
prāhiṇodrākṣasaḥ kruddho bhīmasenaścacāla ha.

51. tataḥ śilām samutkṣipya bhīmasya yudhi tiṣṭhataḥ
prāhiṇot rākṣasaḥ kruddhaḥ bhīmasenaḥ cacāla ha

51. Then, the enraged rākṣasa, having lifted a stone, hurled it at Bhima, who was standing in battle, and Bhimasena indeed trembled.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• शिलाम् (śilām) - a stone, a rock

• समुत्क्षिप्य (samutkṣipya) - having lifted, having hurled up

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

• तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - standing, remaining

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - hurled, threw, sent forth

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the rākṣasa (demon)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena (name of Bhima)

• चचाल (cacāla) - moved, trembled, shook

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas from pronoun tad

शिलाम् (śilām) - a stone, a rock

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - stone, rock, slab

Note: Object of 'samutkṣipya' and 'prāhiṇot'.

समुत्क्षिप्य (samutkṣipya) - having lifted, having hurled up

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed from root kṣip (to throw) with upasargas sam and ud, and lyap suffix

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: kṣip (class 6)

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (a name, one of the Pāṇḍavas); terrible, formidable

Note: Connects to 'tiṣṭhataḥ', indicating 'of Bhima who was standing'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, combat

तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - standing, remaining

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

Present Active Participle

Formed from root sthā (to stand) with śatṛ suffix (stem tiṣṭhat)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīmasya'.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - hurled, threw, sent forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of prahi

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root hi with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the rākṣasa (demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa

Note: Subject of 'prāhiṇot'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root krudh (to be angry) with kta suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena (name of Bhima)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (a proper name, another name for Bhima)

Note: Subject of 'cacāla'.

चचाल (cacāla) - moved, trembled, shook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of cal

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root cal

Root: cal (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)