महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-12, verse-33

सोऽयमभ्यागतो मूढो ममेदं गहनं वनम् ।
प्रचारसमयेऽस्माकमर्धरात्रे समास्थिते ॥३३॥

33. so'yamabhyāgato mūḍho mamedaṁ gahanaṁ vanam ,
pracārasamaye'smākamardharātre samāsthite.

33. saḥ ayam abhyāgataḥ mūḍhaḥ mama idam gahanam
vanam pracārasamaye asmākam ardharātre samāsthite

33. This foolish one has arrived in my dense forest at the very time of our roaming, now that midnight has settled.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - this one (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• अभ्यागतः (abhyāgataḥ) - approached, arrived, a guest

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, bewildered

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• इदम् (idam) - this

• गहनम् (gahanam) - dense, deep, impenetrable

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• प्रचारसमये (pracārasamaye) - at the time of our wandering (for food/prey) (at the time of roaming/movement)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

• अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

• समास्थिते (samāsthite) - when midnight has arrived/settled (having settled, arrived, being present)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - this one (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अभ्यागतः (abhyāgataḥ) - approached, arrived, a guest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - approached, arrived, a guest, one who has come

Past Passive Participle

Formed from abhi + ā + root gam (to go)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective here.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, deluded, bewildered, ignorant

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (him).

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive pronoun.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Adjective modifying vanam.

गहनम् (gahanam) - dense, deep, impenetrable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - deep, dense, impenetrable, secret, difficult

Root: gah

Note: Modifies vanam.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'entered'.

प्रचारसमये (pracārasamaye) - at the time of our wandering (for food/prey) (at the time of roaming/movement)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pracārasamaya

pracārasamaya - time of roaming, time of activity, time of movement

Compound of pracāra (movement, roaming) and samaya (time).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pracāra+samaya)

• pracāra – roaming, movement, activity, conduct
  noun (masculine)
  From pra + root car (to move)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: car (class 1)
• samaya – time, season, proper moment, agreement
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + root i (to go)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Possessive pronoun.

अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardharātra

ardharātra - midnight

Compound of ardha (half) and rātra (night).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (masculine)
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)
  From rātri (night)

Note: Time adverbial.

समास्थिते (samāsthite) - when midnight has arrived/settled (having settled, arrived, being present)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samāsthita

samāsthita - settled, established, arrived, situated

Past Passive Participle

From sam + ā + root sthā (to stand)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with ardharātre.