महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-53, verse-9

तथेति तौ प्रतिश्रुत्य क्षुधितौ श्रमकर्शितौ ।
शतपाकेन तैलेन महार्हेणोपतस्थतुः ॥९॥

9. tatheti tau pratiśrutya kṣudhitau śramakarśitau ,
śatapākena tailena mahārheṇopatasthatuḥ.

9. tathā iti tau pratiśrutya kṣudhitau śramakarśitau
śatapākena tailena mahārheṇa upatasthatuḥ

9. tau kṣudhitau śramakarśitau tathā iti pratiśrutya
śatapākena mahārheṇa tailena upatasthatuḥ

9. Saying 'So be it,' the two attendants, though hungry and exhausted by their labor, approached with hundred-times-refined and highly valuable oil.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - 'So be it' (so, thus, in that manner)

• इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

• तौ (tau) - the two attendants (those two)

• प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having assented (saying 'So be it') (having promised, having assented, having heard in response)

• क्षुधितौ (kṣudhitau) - hungry (dual)

• श्रमकर्शितौ (śramakarśitau) - exhausted by toil, fatigued by exertion

• शतपाकेन (śatapākena) - with hundred-times-refined (by that which is prepared a hundred times, by the hundred-times-refined)

• तैलेन (tailena) - with oil, by means of oil

• महार्हेण (mahārheṇa) - with highly valuable (by the highly valuable, by the precious)

• उपतस्थतुः (upatasthatuḥ) - they (two) approached, they served

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - 'So be it' (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating agreement.

Note: Direct speech, agreeing to the command.

इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Indicates the end of direct speech.

तौ (tau) - the two attendants (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having assented (saying 'So be it') (having promised, having assented, having heard in response)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root śru- (to hear) with prefix prati-. Forms an absolutivve (gerund) with -ya.

Prefix: prati

Root: śru (class 5)

क्षुधितौ (kṣudhitau) - hungry (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣudh- (to be hungry).

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Used actively in a perfective sense, 'being hungry'.

श्रमकर्शितौ (śramakarśitau) - exhausted by toil, fatigued by exertion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śramakarśita

śramakarśita - weakened by fatigue, exhausted by labor

Tatpurusha compound: śrama (fatigue) + karśita (emaciated, worn out).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+karśita)

• śrama – fatigue, toil, labor, exertion
  noun (masculine)
  From root śram- (to be weary).
  Root: śram (class 4)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, worn out
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛś- (to be lean, to weaken).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Used actively in a perfective sense, 'being exhausted'.

शतपाकेन (śatapākena) - with hundred-times-refined (by that which is prepared a hundred times, by the hundred-times-refined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śatapāka

śatapāka - cooked a hundred times, matured a hundred times (e.g., oil, medicine)

Karmadhāraya compound: śata (hundred) + pāka (cooked, ripened). Used as an adjective for oil.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śata+pāka)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• pāka – cooking, ripening, maturity, anything cooked
  noun (masculine)
  From root pac- (to cook).
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tailena'.

तैलेन (tailena) - with oil, by means of oil

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taila

taila - oil (especially sesame oil), an ointment

From tila (sesame) with aṇ suffix.

Note: Instrument for 'upatasthatuḥ'.

महार्हेण (mahārheṇa) - with highly valuable (by the highly valuable, by the precious)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahārha

mahārha - highly valuable, precious, costly, very worthy

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + arha (worthy, valuable).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+arha)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
  Stem form in compound.
• arha – worthy, deserving, valuable, fit
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root arh- (to deserve).
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tailena'.

उपतस्थतुः (upatasthatuḥ) - they (two) approached, they served

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect past (lit) of sthā

Perfect tense, parasmaipada

Root sthā- (to stand) with prefix upa-. Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'tau'.