महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-53, verse-11

यदा तौ निर्विकारौ तु लक्षयामास भार्गवः ।
तत उत्थाय सहसा स्नानशालां विवेश ह ।
कॢप्तमेव तु तत्रासीत्स्नानीयं पार्थिवोचितम् ॥११॥

11. yadā tau nirvikārau tu lakṣayāmāsa bhārgavaḥ ,
tata utthāya sahasā snānaśālāṁ viveśa ha ,
kḷptameva tu tatrāsītsnānīyaṁ pārthivocitam.

11. yadā tau nirvikārau tu lakṣayāmāsa
bhārgavaḥ tataḥ utthāya sahasā
snānaśālām viveśa ha kḷptam eva tu
tatra āsīt snānīyam pārthivocitam

11. yadā bhārgavaḥ tau nirvikārau tu lakṣayāmāsa,
tataḥ sahasā utthāya snānaśālām viveśa ha.
tu tatra pārthivocitam snānīyam kḷptam eva āsīt

11. When Bhargava noticed that the two were indeed undisturbed, he then quickly rose and entered the bathing room. There, all bathing arrangements suitable for a king were already prepared.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• तौ (tau) - The two individuals who were serving the sage. (those two, they two)

• निर्विकारौ (nirvikārau) - Remaining calm and unwavering despite the situation. (changeless, undisturbed, devoid of agitation)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• लक्षयामास (lakṣayāmāsa) - he perceived, he noticed, he marked

• भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - The sage mentioned in the previous verse. (descendant of Bhṛgu, an epithet for a sage)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, having stood up

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• स्नानशालाम् (snānaśālām) - bathing room, bath-house

• विवेश (viveśa) - he entered

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

• कॢप्तम् (kḷptam) - The bathing requisites were already prepared. (prepared, arranged, made ready)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the bath-house. (there, in that place)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

• स्नानीयम् (snānīyam) - All that is needed for a bath. (bathing requisites, bathing water, something for bathing)

• पार्थिवोचितम् (pārthivocitam) - The bathing arrangements were of royal standard. (fit for a king, suitable for a ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

From relative pronoun stem 'yad' with suffix '-dā'.

तौ (tau) - The two individuals who were serving the sage. (those two, they two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implicit verb of "being" with nirvikārau.

निर्विकारौ (nirvikārau) - Remaining calm and unwavering despite the situation. (changeless, undisturbed, devoid of agitation)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nirvikāra

nirvikāra - without change, undisturbed, immutable, passionless

From 'nis' (without) + 'vikāra' (change, alteration).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+vikāra)

• nis – out, without, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• vikāra – change, alteration, disturbance, mutation
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√kṛ
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for tau.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Provides emphasis or a slight contrast.

लक्षयामास (lakṣayāmāsa) - he perceived, he noticed, he marked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √lakṣ

Perfect tense, parasmaipada, singular

Denominative verb from 'lakṣa' (mark) or Causal of √lakṣ. Perfect tense form (ām-suffix in reduplication for some causal/denominative verbs).

Root: √lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject is Bhargava.

भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - The sage mentioned in the previous verse. (descendant of Bhṛgu, an epithet for a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārgava

bhārgava - descendant of Bhṛgu, related to Bhṛgu, a name of Śukra, Cyavana etc.

Taddhita derivation from Bhṛgu.

Note: Subject of lakṣayāmāsa.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun base 'tad' with suffix '-tas'

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefix 'ud' (ut).

Prefix: ud

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of Bhargava.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of 'sahas' (force) used adverbially.

Note: Modifies viveśa.

स्नानशालाम् (snānaśālām) - bathing room, bath-house

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of snānaśālā

snānaśālā - bath-house, bathing apartment

Compound 'snāna' (bathing) + 'śālā' (hall, room).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (snāna+śālā)

• snāna – bathing, washing
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From √snā (to bathe) with suffix -ana
  Root: √snā (class 2)
• śālā – hall, room, house
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of viveśa.

विवेश (viveśa) - he entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √viś

Perfect tense, parasmaipada, singular

From root √viś (to enter) with prefix 'vi'. Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: vi

Root: √viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

कॢप्तम् (kḷptam) - The bathing requisites were already prepared. (prepared, arranged, made ready)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kḷpta

kḷpta - prepared, arranged, made, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From √kḷp (to be in order, to arrange) with kta suffix.

Root: √kḷp (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes that it was "already" prepared.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Provides emphasis or a slight contrast.

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the bath-house. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun base 'tad' with suffix '-tra'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of √as

Imperfect tense, parasmaipada, singular

From root √as (to be).

Root: √as (class 2)

स्नानीयम् (snānīyam) - All that is needed for a bath. (bathing requisites, bathing water, something for bathing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of snānīya

snānīya - fit for bathing, bathing-place, water for bathing, bathing requisites

Gerundive / Noun

From √snā (to bathe) with suffix -anīya.

Root: √snā (class 2)

Note: Subject of āsīt.

पार्थिवोचितम् (pārthivocitam) - The bathing arrangements were of royal standard. (fit for a king, suitable for a ruler)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pārthivocita

pārthivocita - suitable for a king/ruler, royal

Compound 'pārthiva' (king) + 'ucita' (suitable, proper).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ucita)

• pārthiva – earthly, royal, king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pṛthivī (earth)
• ucita – suitable, proper, fit
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √uc (to be pleasing/fit), but more commonly treated as a root directly

Note: Agrees with snānīyam.