महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-53, verse-40

अन्वगच्छन्त तमृषिं राजामात्याश्च सर्वशः ।
हाहाभूतं च तत्सर्वमासीन्नगरमार्तिमत् ॥४०॥

40. anvagacchanta tamṛṣiṁ rājāmātyāśca sarvaśaḥ ,
hāhābhūtaṁ ca tatsarvamāsīnnagaramārtimat.

40. anvagacchantā tam ṛṣim rājāmātyāḥ ca sarvaśaḥ
hāhābhūtam ca tat sarvam āsīt nagaram ārtimat

40. rājāmātyāḥ ca sarvaśaḥ tam ṛṣim anvagacchantā
ca tat sarvam nagaram hāhābhūtam ārtimat āsīt

40. The king's ministers and all (his people) followed that sage (ṛṣi). The entire city became filled with lamentation and distress.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्वगच्छन्ता (anvagacchantā) - they followed, they went after

• तम् (tam) - him (the sage) (him, that)

• ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (ṛṣi) Viśvāmitra (sage, inspired poet)

• राजामात्याः (rājāmātyāḥ) - king's ministers, royal counselors

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all (the people) (all, entirely, completely, in every way)

• हाहाभूतम् (hāhābhūtam) - became filled with lamentation, become crying 'alas! alas!'

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - that (city) (that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (city) (all, whole, entire)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

• आर्तिमत् (ārtimat) - distressed (city) (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्वगच्छन्ता (anvagacchantā) - they followed, they went after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-gam

Imperfect 3rd person plural active

Imperfect tense form of √gam with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (the sage) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (ṛṣi) Viśvāmitra (sage, inspired poet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, inspired poet, seer

राजामात्याः (rājāmātyāḥ) - king's ministers, royal counselors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājāmātya

rājāmātya - king's minister, royal counselor

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'āmātya' (minister).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+āmātya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• āmātya – minister, counselor, associate
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all (the people) (all, entirely, completely, in every way)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with suffix -śas.

हाहाभूतम् (hāhābhūtam) - became filled with lamentation, become crying 'alas! alas!'

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hāhābhūta

hāhābhūta - become 'hāhā' (alas, alas), filled with lamentation

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of 'hāhā' (exclamation of sorrow) and 'bhūta' (become).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hāhā+bhūta)

• hāhā – alas! woe!
  indeclinable
  Exclamation of sorrow.
• bhūta – become, been, past, being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the city.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (city) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (city) (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'tat' and 'nagaram'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect 3rd person singular active

Imperfect tense form of √as.

Root: as (class 2)

नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

आर्तिमत् (ārtimat) - distressed (city) (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārtimat

ārtimat - distressed, suffering, afflicted, sorrowful

Derived from 'ārti' (pain, distress) with suffix -mat (possessing).

Note: Agrees with 'nagaram'.