महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-44

तच्छूलं भस्मसात्कृत्वा दक्षयज्ञं सविस्तरम् ।
आवयोः सहसागच्छद्बदर्याश्रममन्तिकात् ।
वेगेन महता पार्थ पतन्नारायणोरसि ॥४४॥

44. tacchūlaṁ bhasmasātkṛtvā dakṣayajñaṁ savistaram ,
āvayoḥ sahasāgacchadbadaryāśramamantikāt ,
vegena mahatā pārtha patannārāyaṇorasi.

44. tat śūlam bhasmasāt-kṛtvā dakṣa-yajñam
savistaram āvayoḥ sahasā āgacchat
badarī-āśramam antikāt vegena
mahatā pārtha patan nārāyaṇa-urasi

44. pārtha,
tat śūlam dakṣa-yajñam savistaram bhasmasāt-kṛtvā āvayoḥ antikāt badarī-āśramam sahasā mahatā vegena patan nārāyaṇa-urasi āgacchat

44. After that spear had turned Dakṣa's entire Vedic ritual (yajña) to ashes, it suddenly came from near our hermitage (āśrama) of Badarī, O Pārtha, falling with great speed onto Nārāyaṇa's chest.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the spear ('śūlam'). (that, it)

• शूलम् (śūlam) - The spear hurled by Rudra/Virabhadra, now acting as the agent of destruction and motion. (spear, trident)

• भस्मसात्-कृत्वा (bhasmasāt-kṛtvā) - Describes the effect of the spear on Dakṣa's Vedic ritual (yajña). (having reduced to ashes, having incinerated)

• दक्ष-यज्ञम् (dakṣa-yajñam) - The entire Vedic ritual (yajña), including all its preparations and participants, was turned to ashes. (Dakṣa's Vedic ritual)

• सविस्तरम् (savistaram) - Indicates that the entire Vedic ritual (yajña), in all its aspects, was destroyed. (with detail, extensively, completely)

• आवयोः (āvayoḥ) - Referring to Nara and Nārāyaṇa. (of us two, our)

• सहसा (sahasā) - The spear's arrival was abrupt. (suddenly, forcibly, unexpectedly)

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - The spear arrived at the hermitage. (it came, it arrived)

• बदरी-आश्रमम् (badarī-āśramam) - The hermitage where Nara and Nārāyaṇa resided. (to Badarī hermitage)

• अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - The spear came from the general area of their hermitage, not from far away. (from near, from the vicinity)

• वेगेन (vegena) - The spear was moving very fast. (with speed, rapidly, quickly)

• महता (mahatā) - Describing the speed as 'great'. (by great, with great)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Address to Arjuna, the listener of the Mahābhārata narrative. (O son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), O Arjuna)

• पतन् (patan) - The spear was in the act of falling. (falling, dropping)

• नारायण-उरसि (nārāyaṇa-urasi) - The target where the spear landed. (on Nārāyaṇa's chest)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Referring to the spear ('śūlam'). (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Adjective modifying 'śūlam'.

शूलम् (śūlam) - The spear hurled by Rudra/Virabhadra, now acting as the agent of destruction and motion. (spear, trident)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūla

śūla - spear, pike, trident; pain, stake

भस्मसात्-कृत्वा (bhasmasāt-kṛtvā) - Describes the effect of the spear on Dakṣa's Vedic ritual (yajña). (having reduced to ashes, having incinerated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From the verbal root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with the suffix '-sāt' (meaning 'to become') applied to 'bhasman' (ashes), and the absolutive suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दक्ष-यज्ञम् (dakṣa-yajñam) - The entire Vedic ritual (yajña), including all its preparations and participants, was turned to ashes. (Dakṣa's Vedic ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dakṣa-yajña

dakṣa-yajña - the Vedic ritual of Dakṣa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dakṣa+yajña)

• dakṣa – Dakṣa (a Prajāpati)
  proper noun (masculine)
• yajña – Vedic ritual, offering
  noun (masculine)
  From √yaj (to worship).
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhasmasāt-kṛtvā'.

सविस्तरम् (savistaram) - Indicates that the entire Vedic ritual (yajña), in all its aspects, was destroyed. (with detail, extensively, completely)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of savistara

savistara - extensive, detailed, elaborate; with details

Sa- (with) + vistara (detail, expanse).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+vistara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'with'.
• vistara – expanse, detail, elaboration
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√stṛ (to spread out).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'dakṣa-yajñam'.

आवयोः (āvayoḥ) - Referring to Nara and Nārāyaṇa. (of us two, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Dual genitive/locative form of 'asmad'.

Note: Possessive, referring to the hermitage ('badarī-āśramam').

सहसा (sahasā) - The spear's arrival was abrupt. (suddenly, forcibly, unexpectedly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of 'sahas' (force) used adverbially.

Note: Adverb of manner.

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - The spear arrived at the hermitage. (it came, it arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect active

Prefixed ā-√gam (1st class), 3rd singular imperfect active, with augment 'a-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

बदरी-आश्रमम् (badarī-āśramam) - The hermitage where Nara and Nārāyaṇa resided. (to Badarī hermitage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of badarī-āśrama

badarī-āśrama - the hermitage of Badarī (a sacred place, identified with Badarikāśrama)

Badarī is a type of jujube tree, or a place name.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (badarī+āśrama)

• badarī – jujube tree, name of a place
  noun (feminine)
• āśrama – hermitage, retreat
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√śram (to toil, rest).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 1)

Note: Object of motion (towards which 'āgacchat').

अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - The spear came from the general area of their hermitage, not from far away. (from near, from the vicinity)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anta' (end, limit).

Note: Used adverbially, indicating the point of origin.

वेगेन (vegena) - The spear was moving very fast. (with speed, rapidly, quickly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, current

From √vij (to move rapidly).

Root: vij (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner of motion.

महता (mahatā) - Describing the speed as 'great'. (by great, with great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with 'vegena'.

पार्थ (pārtha) - Address to Arjuna, the listener of the Mahābhārata narrative. (O son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a patronymic of Arjuna and other Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pṛthā.

पतन् (patan) - The spear was in the act of falling. (falling, dropping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patat

patat - falling, flying, dropping

Present Active Participle

From √pat (to fall, fly).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Grammatically, 'śūlam' (neuter nominative singular) is the subject here. 'patan' is a masculine nominative singular participle. This indicates a minor grammatical inconsistency, likely poetic license where 'śūla' is treated as if masculine, or a broader agreement with the implied agent of the action.

नारायण-उरसि (nārāyaṇa-urasi) - The target where the spear landed. (on Nārāyaṇa's chest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nārāyaṇa-uras

nārāyaṇa-uras - Nārāyaṇa's chest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nārāyaṇa+uras)

• nārāyaṇa – Nārāyaṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)