महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-41

नरनारायणौ पूर्वं तपस्तेपतुरव्ययम् ।
धर्मयानं समारूढौ पर्वते गन्धमादने ॥४१॥

41. naranārāyaṇau pūrvaṁ tapastepaturavyayam ,
dharmayānaṁ samārūḍhau parvate gandhamādane.

41. naranārāyaṇau pūrvam tapaḥ tepatuh avyayam
dharma-yānam samārūḍhau parvate gandhamādane

41. pūrvam naranārāyaṇau dharma-yānam samārūḍhau
gandhamādane parvate avyayam tapaḥ tepatuh

41. Formerly, Nara and Nārāyaṇa, having embarked on the path of natural law (dharma), performed unending penance on Mount Gandhamādana.

Words meanings summery:

• नरनारायणौ (naranārāyaṇau) - Nara and Nārāyaṇa

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity, spiritual heat

• तेपतुह् (tepatuh) - they performed, practiced

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - Referring to the penance, implying it was continuous or of lasting merit. (imperishable, unending, immutable)

• धर्म-यानम् (dharma-yānam) - The spiritual or ethical path followed by the sages. (path of righteousness, vehicle of natural law)

• समारूढौ (samārūḍhau) - They took up or followed the path. (having ascended, having embarked upon, having mounted)

• पर्वते (parvate) - On Mount Gandhamādana. (on the mountain)

• गन्धमादने (gandhamādane) - Referring to the specific mythical mountain, Mount Gandhamādana. (on Gandhamādana)

Words meanings and morphology

नरनारायणौ (naranārāyaṇau) - Nara and Nārāyaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of naranārāyaṇa

naranārāyaṇa - The divine sages Nara and Nārāyaṇa, often seen as two forms of Viṣṇu or his avatāras.

Compound type : dvandva (nara+nārāyaṇa)

• nara – man, human, a divine sage
  noun (masculine)
• nārāyaṇa – son of Nara, a name of Viṣṇu
  proper noun (masculine)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to denote time.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity, spiritual heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, asceticism, austerity, spiritual fervor, heat

From √tap (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'tepatuḥ'.

तेपतुह् (tepatuh) - they performed, practiced

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of tap

Perfect active

√tap (1st class, P.P.), 3rd dual perfect active (reduplicated).

Root: tap (class 1)

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - Referring to the penance, implying it was continuous or of lasting merit. (imperishable, unending, immutable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, immutable, expenditure

Derived from 'a' (neg.) + 'vyaya' (expenditure, decay).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, loss
  noun (neuter)
  From vi-√i (to go apart, decay).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

धर्म-यानम् (dharma-yānam) - The spiritual or ethical path followed by the sages. (path of righteousness, vehicle of natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-yāna

dharma-yāna - vehicle/path of dharma; righteous path

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+yāna)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yāna – vehicle, path, going
  noun (neuter)
  From √yā (to go).
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'samārūḍhau'.

समारूढौ (samārūḍhau) - They took up or followed the path. (having ascended, having embarked upon, having mounted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - ascended, mounted, embarked upon, established

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ā-√ruh (to ascend, mount).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'naranārāyaṇau'. Used here with an active sense.

पर्वते (parvate) - On Mount Gandhamādana. (on the mountain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

गन्धमादने (gandhamādane) - Referring to the specific mythical mountain, Mount Gandhamādana. (on Gandhamādana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gandhamādana

gandhamādana - Name of a mythical mountain, 'intoxicating with fragrance'.

Lit. 'fragrance-intoxicating'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gandha+mādana)

• gandha – smell, fragrance
  noun (masculine)
• mādana – intoxicating, exhilarating
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from √mad
  From √mad (to be exhilarated, intoxicate).
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'parvate'.