महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-40

पुराहमात्मजः पार्थ प्रथितः कारणान्तरे ।
धर्मस्य कुरुशार्दूल ततोऽहं धर्मजः स्मृतः ॥४०॥

40. purāhamātmajaḥ pārtha prathitaḥ kāraṇāntare ,
dharmasya kuruśārdūla tato'haṁ dharmajaḥ smṛtaḥ.

40. purā aham ātmajaḥ pārtha prathitaḥ kāraṇāntare
dharmasya kuruśārdūla tataḥ aham dharmajaḥ smṛtaḥ

40. purā aham pārtha dharmasya ātmajaḥ kāraṇāntare
prathitaḥ kuruśārdūla tataḥ aham dharmajaḥ smṛtaḥ

40. Formerly, O Pārtha (Arjuna), I was the son of the deity (Dharma), renowned for a different reason. Therefore, O tiger among the Kurus, I am remembered as 'Dharmaja' (born of dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

• अहम् (aham) - I

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī, i.e., Arjuna)

• प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - renowned, famous, celebrated

• कारणान्तरे (kāraṇāntare) - for a different cause or purpose (in a previous existence) (in another cause, for a different reason, in a different context)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the deity (Dharma) (of (dharma), of righteousness, of natural law)

• कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among Kurus (Arjuna)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that, then, afterwards

• अहम् (aham) - I

• धर्मजः (dharmajaḥ) - Son of the deity (Dharma) (born of (dharma), son of (dharma))

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, known, declared

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

(indeclinable)

adverb of time

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born from oneself, one's own offspring

Compound of ātman (self) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective
  suffix
  Derived from root √jan (to be born).
  Root: √jan (class 4)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī, i.e., Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name of Arjuna or Yudhiṣṭhira

From Pṛthā + aṇ suffix.

प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - renowned, famous, celebrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathita

prathita - renowned, famous, celebrated, well-known

Past Passive Participle

From root √prath (to spread, extend, be famous).

Root: √prath (class 1)

कारणान्तरे (kāraṇāntare) - for a different cause or purpose (in a previous existence) (in another cause, for a different reason, in a different context)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāraṇāntara

kāraṇāntara - another cause, a different reason

Compound of kāraṇa (cause) + antara (another, different).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāraṇa+antara)

• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root √kṛ (to do, make) + ṇamul suffix.
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• antara – another, other, different, internal
  adjective

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the deity (Dharma) (of (dharma), of righteousness, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, a specific deity, intrinsic nature

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among Kurus (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśārdūla

kuruśārdūla - tiger among the Kurus (an epithet for a strong hero, esp. Arjuna or Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound of Kuru (clan name) + śārdūla (tiger).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+śārdūla)

• kuru – Name of an ancient king, progenitor of the Kuru dynasty; members of that dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, excellent (as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that, then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

adverb

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

धर्मजः (dharmajaḥ) - Son of the deity (Dharma) (born of (dharma), son of (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaja

dharmaja - born of (dharma), son of (dharma), righteous

Compound of dharma + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+ja)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, the deity Dharma
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective
  suffix
  Derived from root √jan (to be born).
  Root: √jan (class 4)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, known, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, known, declared, prescribed (as per smṛti)

Past Passive Participle

From root √smṛ (to remember).

Root: √smṛ (class 1)