महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-23

वृषो हि भगवान्धर्मः ख्यातो लोकेषु भारत ।
नैघण्टुकपदाख्यातं विद्धि मां वृषमुत्तमम् ॥२३॥

23. vṛṣo hi bhagavāndharmaḥ khyāto lokeṣu bhārata ,
naighaṇṭukapadākhyātaṁ viddhi māṁ vṛṣamuttamam.

23. vṛṣaḥ hi bhagavān dharmaḥ khyātaḥ lokeṣu bhārata
naighaṇṭukapadākhyātam viddhi mām vṛṣam uttamam

23. Indeed, the divine Bull (vṛṣa) is renowned in the worlds as natural law (dharma), O Bhārata. Understand me to be that supreme Bull (vṛṣa) which is described by the terms of the lexicographers.

Words meanings summery:

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - bull, symbolic of strength and dharma (bull, showerer, bestower, powerful)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, illustrious, glorious, blessed, Lord

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law or righteousness, personified as a divine bull (natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous, renowned

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, among people

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address)

• नैघण्टुकपदाख्यातम् (naighaṇṭukapadākhyātam) - described by lexicographical terms, named in the Nighaṇṭu

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

• माम् (mām) - me

• वृषम् (vṛṣam) - bull, bestower (accusative)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

Words meanings and morphology

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - bull, symbolic of strength and dharma (bull, showerer, bestower, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, showerer, bestower, powerful, strong, male

From root `√vṛṣ` 'to rain, to pour, to be potent'.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, illustrious, glorious, blessed, Lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, illustrious, glorious, blessed, Lord, endowed with fortune/excellences

Possessive adjective from `bhaga` (fortune, excellence).

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law or righteousness, personified as a divine bull (natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root `√dhṛ` 'to hold, to support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `vṛṣaḥ`.

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √khyā 'to be known, to perceive'.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `vṛṣaḥ`.

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, region

From root `√lok` 'to see'.

Root: lok (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

From `Bharata`, an ancient king or sage. Used as an epithet for Arjuna and others.

Note: Addressing Arjuna or a similar figure.

नैघण्टुकपदाख्यातम् (naighaṇṭukapadākhyātam) - described by lexicographical terms, named in the Nighaṇṭu

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naighaṇṭukapadākhyāta

naighaṇṭukapadākhyāta - described by lexicographical terms, named in the Nighaṇṭu (a glossary of Vedic terms)

Past Passive Participle

Compound: `naighaṇṭuka` (lexicographical) + `pada` (word) + `ākhyāta` (described).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naighaṇṭuka+pada+ākhyāta)

• naighaṇṭuka – lexicographical, related to a Nighaṇṭu (glossary)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `nighaṇṭu` (glossary, lexicon).
• pada – word, foot, step
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ākhyāta – described, narrated, told
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ā-` + `√khyā` 'to tell, describe'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mām` and `vṛṣam`.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Mood, Active Voice

Irregular imperative 2nd person singular form of root `√vid` (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of `viddhi`.

वृषम् (vṛṣam) - bull, bestower (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, showerer, bestower, powerful, strong, male

From root `√vṛṣ` 'to rain, to pour, to be potent'.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Accusative object.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - supreme, excellent, best, highest, greatest

Superlative form from `ut` (up).