महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-22

एतैश्च धार्यते जन्तुरेतैः क्षीणैश्च क्षीयते ।
आयुर्वेदविदस्तस्मात्त्रिधातुं मां प्रचक्षते ॥२२॥

22. etaiśca dhāryate janturetaiḥ kṣīṇaiśca kṣīyate ,
āyurvedavidastasmāttridhātuṁ māṁ pracakṣate.

22. etaiḥ ca dhāryate jantuḥ etaiḥ kṣīṇaiḥ ca kṣīyate
āyurvedavidaḥ tasmāt tridhātum mām pracakṣate

22. By these [humors], a living being is sustained, and by their diminution, it declines. Therefore, experts in Ayurveda refer to me as having three humors.

Words meanings summery:

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these, with these

• च (ca) - and, also

• धार्यते (dhāryate) - is sustained, is held, is supported

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being (e.g., human) (living being, creature, person)

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these, with these

• क्षीणैः (kṣīṇaiḥ) - diminished, wasted, decayed, weak

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - declines, wastes away, is diminished

• आयुर्वेदविदः (āyurvedavidaḥ) - knowers of Ayurveda, experts in medical science

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• त्रिधातुम् (tridhātum) - me, as having three humors (pitta, śleṣmā, vāyu) (consisting of three humors/constituents, having three elements)

• माम् (mām) - me

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they call, they refer to

Words meanings and morphology

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these, with these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the three humors mentioned previously.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धार्यते (dhāryate) - is sustained, is held, is supported

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present Tense, Passive Voice, Middle/ātmanepada

Root `√dhṛ` (to hold), passive form `dhāryate`.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject `jantuḥ` is in nominative.

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being (e.g., human) (living being, creature, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, person, born

From root `√jan` 'to be born'.

Root: jan (class 4)

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these, with these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the three humors.

क्षीणैः (kṣīṇaiḥ) - diminished, wasted, decayed, weak

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - diminished, wasted, decayed, weak, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `√kṣi` 'to decay, to waste away'.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - declines, wastes away, is diminished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṣi

Present Tense, Passive Voice, Middle/ātmanepada

Root `√kṣi` (to decay), passive form `kṣīyate`.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

आयुर्वेदविदः (āyurvedavidaḥ) - knowers of Ayurveda, experts in medical science

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āyurvedavid

āyurvedavid - knower of Ayurveda (the science of life), expert in medical science

Compound of `āyurveda` (science of life) and `vid` (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āyurveda+vid)

• āyurveda – Ayurveda, the science of life, traditional Indian medicine
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `āyuḥ` (life) and `veda` (knowledge/science).
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root `√vid` 'to know'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of `pracakṣate`.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

त्रिधातुम् (tridhātum) - me, as having three humors (pitta, śleṣmā, vāyu) (consisting of three humors/constituents, having three elements)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tridhātu

tridhātu - consisting of three humors/constituents, having three elements

Compound of `tri` (three) and `dhātu` (humor/constituent).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (tri+dhātu)

• tri – three
  numeral adjective (masculine)
• dhātu – constituent, element, humor
  noun (masculine)
  From root `√dhā` 'to place, to put'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `mām`.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

Note: Here, 'me' refers to the speaker, likely a divine or authoritative figure, referring to the human body/being.

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they call, they refer to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ

Present Tense, Middle/ātmanepada

From prefix `pra-` + root `√cakṣ` (to see, to say).

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Subject is `āyurvedavidaḥ`.