महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-330, verse-32

एकविंशतिशाखं च ऋग्वेदं मां प्रचक्षते ।
सहस्रशाखं यत्साम ये वै वेदविदो जनाः ।
गायन्त्यारण्यके विप्रा मद्भक्तास्तेऽपि दुर्लभाः ॥३२॥

32. ekaviṁśatiśākhaṁ ca ṛgvedaṁ māṁ pracakṣate ,
sahasraśākhaṁ yatsāma ye vai vedavido janāḥ ,
gāyantyāraṇyake viprā madbhaktāste'pi durlabhāḥ.

32. eka-viṃśati-śākham ca ṛg-vedam mām
pracakṣate sahasra-śākham yat sāma ye
vai veda-vidaḥ janāḥ gāyanti āraṇyake
viprāḥ mat-bhaktāḥ te api durlabhāḥ

32. ye veda-vidaḥ janāḥ mām eka-viṃśati-śākham
ṛg-vedam ca yat sahasra-śākham
sāma pracakṣate ye viprāḥ āraṇyake
gāyanti te mat-bhaktāḥ api durlabhāḥ

32. Those who know the Vedas (veda) speak of me as the Ṛgveda with its twenty-one branches, and the Sāmaveda with its thousand branches. Even those wise persons (vipra) who sing in the Āraṇyakas, and are devoted (bhakta) to me, are rare.

Words meanings summery:

• एक-विंशति-शाखम् (eka-viṁśati-śākham) - referring to the Ṛgveda, which traditionally has twenty-one recensions or branches (having twenty-one branches)

• च (ca) - connects the Ṛgveda and Sāmaveda (and, also)

• ऋग्-वेदम् (ṛg-vedam) - the speaker is identified with the Ṛgveda itself (the Ṛgveda)

• माम् (mām) - the speaker (the deity) (me)

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - people who know the Vedas refer to me as these Vedas (they speak of, they call, they declare)

• सहस्र-शाखम् (sahasra-śākham) - referring to the Sāmaveda, which is traditionally said to have a thousand branches or recensions (having a thousand branches)

• यत् (yat) - introduces the Sāmaveda with its characteristic branches (which, what)

• साम (sāma) - the Sāmaveda, the Veda of chants (Sāman (a Vedic chant), Sāmaveda)

• ये (ye) - those specific persons who are knowers of the Vedas (who (plural))

• वै (vai) - adds emphasis to the statement about the Vedic scholars (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• वेद-विदः (veda-vidaḥ) - those who are learned in the (veda) scriptures (knowers of the Veda)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - individuals, referring to the Vedic scholars (people, persons)

• गायन्ति (gāyanti) - the vipras perform chanting or recitation (they sing)

• आरण्यके (āraṇyake) - in the specific Vedic texts known as Āraṇyakas, often recited in solitude (in the Āraṇyaka (forest-text))

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - the learned priestly class or enlightened sages (wise persons, Brahmins, learned ones)

• मत्-भक्ताः (mat-bhaktāḥ) - those who have (bhakti) or devotion directed towards the speaker (the deity) (devoted to me, my devotees)

• ते (te) - refers to the wise persons (vipras) (they, those)

• अपि (api) - emphasizes the rarity: 'even those' (even, also)

• दुर्लभाः (durlabhāḥ) - hard to find, indicating their special status (rare, difficult to obtain)

Words meanings and morphology

एक-विंशति-शाखम् (eka-viṁśati-śākham) - referring to the Ṛgveda, which traditionally has twenty-one recensions or branches (having twenty-one branches)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka-viṃśati-śākha

eka-viṁśati-śākha - having twenty-one branches/recensions

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+viṃśati+śākha)

• eka – one
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)
• śākha – branch, recension
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'ṛg-vedam'

च (ca) - connects the Ṛgveda and Sāmaveda (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ऋग्-वेदम् (ṛg-vedam) - the speaker is identified with the Ṛgveda itself (the Ṛgveda)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛg-veda

ṛg-veda - the Ṛgveda (the Veda of hymns)

Compound of ṛc (hymn) and veda (knowledge)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛc+veda)

• ṛc – hymn, verse
  noun (feminine)
• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, (veda)
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pracakṣate'

माम् (mām) - the speaker (the deity) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'pracakṣate'

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - people who know the Vedas refer to me as these Vedas (they speak of, they call, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of pra-cakṣ

Present Tense

Root cakṣ (to see, to say) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

सहस्र-शाखम् (sahasra-śākham) - referring to the Sāmaveda, which is traditionally said to have a thousand branches or recensions (having a thousand branches)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasra-śākha

sahasra-śākha - having a thousand branches/recensions

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+śākha)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• śākha – branch, recension
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'sāma'

यत् (yat) - introduces the Sāmaveda with its characteristic branches (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'sāma', could also be accusative here

साम (sāma) - the Sāmaveda, the Veda of chants (Sāman (a Vedic chant), Sāmaveda)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - Sāman, a Vedic chant, the Sāmaveda

Note: Used as the object 'me' by the verb 'pracakṣate' (they call me the Sāma)

ये (ye) - those specific persons who are knowers of the Vedas (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

वै (vai) - adds emphasis to the statement about the Vedic scholars (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

वेद-विदः (veda-vidaḥ) - those who are learned in the (veda) scriptures (knowers of the Veda)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda-vid

veda-vid - knower of the Vedas

Compound of veda (Veda) and vid (knower, from root vid 'to know')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, (veda)
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - individuals, referring to the Vedic scholars (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature

गायन्ति (gāyanti) - the vipras perform chanting or recitation (they sing)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of gai

Present Tense

Root gai (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

आरण्यके (āraṇyake) - in the specific Vedic texts known as Āraṇyakas, often recited in solitude (in the Āraṇyaka (forest-text))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āraṇyaka

āraṇyaka - forest-text, a class of Vedic texts

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - the learned priestly class or enlightened sages (wise persons, Brahmins, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - inspired, wise, a Brahmin, a sage

मत्-भक्ताः (mat-bhaktāḥ) - those who have (bhakti) or devotion directed towards the speaker (the deity) (devoted to me, my devotees)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mat-bhakta

mat-bhakta - devoted to me

Tatpuruṣa compound: mat (to me) + bhakta (devoted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+bhakta)

• mad – me, to me (genitive/ablative of asmad)
  pronoun
  First person pronoun
• bhakta – devoted, worshipper, (bhakta)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhaj (to share, serve, worship)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'te' (those)

ते (te) - refers to the wise persons (vipras) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

अपि (api) - emphasizes the rarity: 'even those' (even, also)

(indeclinable)

दुर्लभाः (durlabhāḥ) - hard to find, indicating their special status (rare, difficult to obtain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durlabha

durlabha - rare, difficult to obtain, scarce

Compound of dur- (difficult) and labha (obtainable, from root labh)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+labha)

• dur – difficult, bad (prefix)
  prefix
• labha – obtainable, to be gained
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from root labh (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)