योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-4, verse-53

यद्द्रष्टुरस्याद्रष्टृत्वं दृश्याभावे भवेद्वलात् ।
तद्विद्धि केवलीभावं तत एवासतः सतः ॥ ५३ ॥

yaddraṣṭurasyādraṣṭṛtvaṃ dṛśyābhāve bhavedvalāt ,
tadviddhi kevalībhāvaṃ tata evāsataḥ sataḥ 53

53. yat draṣṭuḥ asya adraṣṭṛtvam dṛśyābhāve bhavet
balāt tat viddhi kevalībhāvam tataḥ eva asataḥ sataḥ

53. yat asya draṣṭuḥ dṛśyābhāve balāt adraṣṭṛtvam bhavet
tat tataḥ eva asataḥ sataḥ kevalībhāvam viddhi

53. Understand that the state of non-seeing (adraṣṭṛtva), which necessarily occurs for this seer (draṣṭṛ) in the absence of the seen, is indeed the state of absolute isolation (kevalībhāva), and it is from this very state that the existent (sat) is distinguished from the non-existent (asat).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• द्रष्टुः (draṣṭuḥ) - of the seer, the observer's

• अस्य (asya) - of this, its

• अद्रष्टृत्वम् (adraṣṭṛtvam) - the state of non-seeing, non-observance

• दृश्याभावे (dṛśyābhāve) - in the absence of the seen object

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be, it might be

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, necessarily, by strength

• तत् (tat) - that

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know!, understand!

• केवलीभावम् (kevalībhāvam) - the state of aloneness, absolute isolation, pure singularity

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thence, therefore

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent, of the unreal

• सतः (sataḥ) - of the existent, of the real

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

द्रष्टुः (draṣṭuḥ) - of the seer, the observer's

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, one who sees

agent noun

Derived from root dṛś with suffix tṛc

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - of this, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अद्रष्टृत्वम् (adraṣṭṛtvam) - the state of non-seeing, non-observance

(noun)

neuter, singular of adraṣṭṛtva

adraṣṭṛtva - state of not being a seer, non-seeing, non-observance

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+draṣṭṛ+tva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• draṣṭṛ – seer, observer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns (e.g., -ness, -hood)
  suffix

दृश्याभावे (dṛśyābhāve) - in the absence of the seen object

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dṛśyābhāva

dṛśyābhāva - absence of the seen, non-existence of objects

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dṛśya+abhāva)

• dṛśya – what is to be seen, visible, perceptible
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive
  Formed from root dṛś with suffix ya
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• abhāva – absence, non-existence
  noun (masculine)

भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be, it might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative active (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

बलात् (balāt) - by force, necessarily, by strength

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of ablative

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

विद्धि (viddhi) - know!, understand!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative active (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

केवलीभावम् (kevalībhāvam) - the state of aloneness, absolute isolation, pure singularity

(noun)

masculine, singular of kevalībhāva

kevalībhāva - state of absolute isolation, aloneness, pure singularity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kevalī+bhāva)

• kevalī – pure, alone, isolated, exclusive
  adjective (feminine)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent, of the unreal

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false

Present Active Participle (used as adjective/noun)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, real, true, good
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

सतः (sataḥ) - of the existent, of the real

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good, being

Present Active Participle (used as adjective/noun)

Derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)