वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-61, verse-46

स वृक्षषण्डांस्तरसा जहार शैलाञ् शिलाः प्राकृतवानरांश्च ।
बाहूरुवेगोद्धतसंप्रणुन्नास्ते क्षीणवेगाः सलिले निपेतुः ॥४६॥

46. sa vṛkṣaṣaṇḍāṃstarasā jahāra śailāñ śilāḥ prākṛtavānarāṃśca ,
bāhūruvegoddhatasaṃpraṇunnāste kṣīṇavegāḥ salile nipetuḥ.

46. sa vṛkṣaṣaṇḍān tarasā jahāra śailān śilāḥ prākṛtavānarān ca
bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṃpraṇunnāḥ te kṣīṇavegāḥ salile nipetuḥ

46. sa tarasā vṛkṣaṣaṇḍān śailān śilāḥ prākṛtavānarān ca jahāra
bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṃpraṇunnāḥ te kṣīṇavegāḥ salile nipetuḥ

46. He forcefully uprooted groups of trees, mountains, rocks, and even ordinary monkeys. Those, propelled aloft by the powerful speed of his arms and thighs, fell into the water once their momentum was spent.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Hanuman (he, that)

• वृक्षषण्डान् (vṛkṣaṣaṇḍān) - groups of trees, tree groves

• तरसा (tarasā) - by force, quickly, mightily

• जहार (jahāra) - he uprooted (he carried away, he took away, he removed, he uprooted)

• शैलान् (śailān) - mountains, rocks

• शिलाः (śilāḥ) - rocks, stones

• प्राकृतवानरान् (prākṛtavānarān) - ordinary monkeys, natural monkeys

• च (ca) - and, also

• बाहुऊरुवेगोद्धतसंप्रणुन्नाः (bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṁpraṇunnāḥ) - propelled aloft by the powerful speed of his arms and thighs (impelled/pushed up by the mighty speed of arms and thighs)

• ते (te) - the trees, rocks, and monkeys (they, those)

• क्षीणवेगाः (kṣīṇavegāḥ) - whose speed was exhausted, their momentum spent

• सलिले (salile) - in the water

• निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they fell down

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Hanuman (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanuman.

वृक्षषण्डान् (vṛkṣaṣaṇḍān) - groups of trees, tree groves

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣaṣaṇḍa

vṛkṣaṣaṇḍa - a cluster or thicket of trees, a grove

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+ṣaṇḍa)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• ṣaṇḍa – group, multitude, thicket, collection, herd
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'jahāra'.

तरसा (tarasā) - by force, quickly, mightily

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - force, power, speed, quickness, impetuosity

Noun derived from root 'tṛ' (to cross).

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial.

जहार (jahāra) - he uprooted (he carried away, he took away, he removed, he uprooted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of hṛ

Perfect active 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'hṛ'. Here, implying action with preverb 'ā' (ā-√hṛ).

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Here means 'uprooted' or 'carried along'.

शैलान् (śailān) - mountains, rocks

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock, rocky, born of a rock

From 'śilā' (rock) or 'śila' (rock).

Note: Object of 'jahāra'.

शिलाः (śilāḥ) - rocks, stones

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śilā

śilā - rock, stone, slab

Root: śīl

Note: Object of 'jahāra'.

प्राकृतवानरान् (prākṛtavānarān) - ordinary monkeys, natural monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prākṛtavānara

prākṛtavānara - common monkey, ordinary monkey

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prākṛta+vānara)

• prākṛta – natural, ordinary, common, vulgar, unrefined
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'pra' + root 'kṛ' (to make/do).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'jahāra'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

बाहुऊरुवेगोद्धतसंप्रणुन्नाः (bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṁpraṇunnāḥ) - propelled aloft by the powerful speed of his arms and thighs (impelled/pushed up by the mighty speed of arms and thighs)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṃpraṇunna

bāhuūruvegoddhatasaṁpraṇunna - propelled strongly and lifted by the speed of arms and thighs

Past Passive Participle used adjectivally

Complex compound referring to 'those impelled by the mighty speed of arms and thighs'. It combines 'bāhu' (arms), 'ūru' (thighs), 'vega' (speed/force), 'uddhata' (raised/mighty), and 'saṃpraṇunna' (well-impelled).

Compound type : multi-layered tatpuruṣa / bahuvrīhi (bāhu+ūru+vega+uddhata+sampranunna)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• ūru – thigh
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, momentum
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vij' (to move quickly).
  Root: vij (class 6)
• uddhata – raised, lifted, mighty, violent, arrogant
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ud' + root 'han' (to strike/kill) or 'ud' + root 'dhṛ' (to raise). Here implying 'raised' or 'mighty'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)
• sampranunna – well-impelled, thoroughly pushed forward, propelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'sam-pra' + root 'ṇud' (to push, to impel).
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: ṇud (class 6)

Note: Acts as the predicate adjective for 'te'.

ते (te) - the trees, rocks, and monkeys (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the trees, rocks, and monkeys that were carried away.

क्षीणवेगाः (kṣīṇavegāḥ) - whose speed was exhausted, their momentum spent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣīṇavega

kṣīṇavega - having exhausted speed, whose velocity is diminished, having diminished force

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+vega)

• kṣīṇa – exhausted, diminished, wasted, destroyed, emaciated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṣi' (to waste, to destroy).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• vega – speed, force, momentum, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vij' (to move quickly).
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Secondary predicate for 'te'.

सलिले (salile) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Place of falling.

निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of nipat

Perfect active 3rd plural

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'pat' (to fall) with preverb 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'te'.