वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-61, verse-39

तस्मिन् संपीड्यमाने तु भग्नद्रुमशिलातले ।
न शेकुर्वानराः स्थातुं घूर्णमाने नगोत्तमे ॥३९॥

39. tasmin saṃpīḍyamāne tu bhagnadrumaśilātale ,
na śekurvānarāḥ sthātuṃ ghūrṇamāne nagottame.

39. tasmin saṃpīḍyamāne tu bhagnadrumaśilātale na
śekuḥ vānarāḥ sthātum ghūrṇamāne nagottame

39. And while that supreme mountain, with its trees broken and rocks shattered, was being utterly crushed and swaying, the monkeys were unable to stand.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (mountain) (in that, on that)

• संपीड्यमाने (saṁpīḍyamāne) - while being utterly crushed (being completely oppressed/crushed)

• तु (tu) - and, while (but, indeed, and)

• भग्नद्रुमशिलातले (bhagnadrumaśilātale) - with its trees broken and rocks shattered (on the ground/surface of broken trees and rocks)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able to (they were able to, could)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (Hanumān's army) (monkeys)

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand (to stand, to remain)

• घूर्णमाने (ghūrṇamāne) - while swaying (while reeling, swaying, shaking)

• नगोत्तमे (nagottame) - on that supreme mountain (on the best of mountains, on the supreme mountain)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (mountain) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the mountain.

संपीड्यमाने (saṁpīḍyamāne) - while being utterly crushed (being completely oppressed/crushed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃpīḍyamāna

pīḍ - to oppress, to crush

present passive participle

from root pīḍ (class 10) with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'nagottame' (mountain).

तु (tu) - and, while (but, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or adversative particle.

भग्नद्रुमशिलातले (bhagnadrumaśilātale) - with its trees broken and rocks shattered (on the ground/surface of broken trees and rocks)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhagnadrumaśilātala

bhagnadrumaśilātala - ground with broken trees and rocks

Compound formed from bhagna (broken) + druma (tree) + śilā (rock) + tala (surface/ground)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhagna+druma+śilā+tala)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  participle (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root bhañj (class 7)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• śilā – rock, stone
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, level
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the mountain's state.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able to (they were able to, could)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

perfect tense

from root śak (class 5)

Root: śak (class 5)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (Hanumān's army) (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand (to stand, to remain)

(infinitive)

Note: Infinitive verb.

घूर्णमाने (ghūrṇamāne) - while swaying (while reeling, swaying, shaking)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghūrṇamāna

ghūrṇ - to reel, to sway, to shake

present middle participle

from root ghūrṇ (class 1)

Root: ghūrṇ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nagottame' (mountain).

नगोत्तमे (nagottame) - on that supreme mountain (on the best of mountains, on the supreme mountain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nagottama

nagottama - best of mountains, supreme mountain

Compound formed from naga (mountain) + uttama (best/supreme)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naga+uttama)

• naga – mountain
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the mountain.