वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-61, verse-1

तयोस्तदा सादितयो रणाग्रे मुमोह सैन्यं हरियूथपानाम् ।
सुग्रीवनीलाङ्गदजाम्बवन्तो न चापि किं चित् प्रतिपेदिरे ते ॥१॥

1. tayostadā sāditayo raṇāgre mumoha sainyaṃ hariyūthapānām ,
sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavanto na cāpi kiṃ cit pratipedire te.

1. tayoḥ tadā sādītayoḥ raṇāgre mumoha sainyam hariyūthapānām
sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavantaḥ na ca api kim cit pratipedire te

1. tadā tayoḥ sādītayoḥ raṇāgre hariyūthapānām sainyam mumoha
sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavantaḥ te ca api kim cit na pratipedire

1. Then, as those two (Rāma and Lakshmana) were struck down at the forefront of the battle, the army of monkey leaders became bewildered. Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān, they too were unable to comprehend anything.

Words meanings summery:

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two (Rāma and Lakshmana) (of those two, in those two)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सादीतयोः (sādītayoḥ) - of the two (Rāma and Lakshmana) who were struck down (by the Astra) (of the two who were struck down, in the two who were disheartened)

• रणाग्रे (raṇāgre) - at the forefront of the battle (at the forefront of battle, in battle)

• मुमोह (mumoha) - became bewildered, fainted (due to the shock) (became bewildered, fainted)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the army of monkeys (army, host)

• हरियूथपानाम् (hariyūthapānām) - of the chiefs of the monkey army (of the leaders of the monkey troops)

• सुग्रीवनीलाङ्गदजाम्बवन्तः (sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavantaḥ) - the specific monkey heroes: Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān (Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, too (also, even, too)

• किम् (kim) - anything (in negation: not anything) (what, anything)

• चित् (cit) - (emphatic particle) anything at all (any, even a little)

• प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they understood, they comprehended (they understood, they perceived, they obtained)

• ते (te) - they (referring to Sugrīva, Nīla, etc.) (they, those)

Words meanings and morphology

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two (Rāma and Lakshmana) (of those two, in those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama and Lakshmana.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सादीतयोः (sādītayoḥ) - of the two (Rāma and Lakshmana) who were struck down (by the Astra) (of the two who were struck down, in the two who were disheartened)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sādita

sādita - struck down, disheartened, caused to sink

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sad (to sink) with causative form, then PPP suffix 'ta'.

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Also locative dual is possible, but genitive is more natural here 'when (of) those two struck down'.

रणाग्रे (raṇāgre) - at the forefront of the battle (at the forefront of battle, in battle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇāgra

raṇāgra - forefront of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+agra)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• agra – forefront, tip, beginning
  noun (neuter)

मुमोह (mumoha) - became bewildered, fainted (due to the shock) (became bewildered, fainted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of muh

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect (Lit), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject is `sainyam`.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the army of monkeys (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Note: Subject of `mumoha`.

हरियूथपानाम् (hariyūthapānām) - of the chiefs of the monkey army (of the leaders of the monkey troops)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hariyūthapa

hariyūthapa - monkey chief, leader of monkey troops

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+yūthapa)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a troop/herd
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `sainyam`.

सुग्रीवनीलाङ्गदजाम्बवन्तः (sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavantaḥ) - the specific monkey heroes: Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān (Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavat

sugrīvanīlāṅgadajāmbavat - (a list of proper nouns)

Compound type : dvandva (sugrīva+nīla+aṅgada+jāmbavat)

• sugrīva – Sugrīva (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nīla – Nīla (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• aṅgada – Aṅgada (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jāmbavat – Jāmbavān (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `pratipedire`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, too (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enhances 'even they'.

किम् (kim) - anything (in negation: not anything) (what, anything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Note: Serves as the object of `pratipedire`.

चित् (cit) - (emphatic particle) anything at all (any, even a little)

(indeclinable)

Note: Nullifies 'what' to 'anything'.

प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they understood, they comprehended (they understood, they perceived, they obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (Lit) of pad

Perfect middle

Reduplicated perfect (Lit), 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada). With prefix `prati-`.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

ते (te) - they (referring to Sugrīva, Nīla, etc.) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Redundant subject for `pratipedire` given the explicit names, but often used for emphasis or rhythm.