महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-8

तौ तु दृष्ट्वा महावीर्यौ समाश्वस्तौ नरर्षभौ ।
बलिनौ वारणौ यद्वद्वाशितार्थे मदोत्कटौ ॥८॥

8. tau tu dṛṣṭvā mahāvīryau samāśvastau nararṣabhau ,
balinau vāraṇau yadvadvāśitārthe madotkaṭau.

8. tau tu dṛṣṭvā mahāvīryau samāśvastau nararṣabhau
balinau vāraṇau yadvat vāśitārthe madotkaṭau

8. tau mahāvīryau samāśvastau nararṣabhau balinau
madotkaṭau vāraṇau yadvat vāśitārthe tu dṛṣṭvā

8. But having observed those two supremely powerful and confident best among men, who were strong like two infuriated elephants in rut, fighting for a female.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

• महावीर्यौ (mahāvīryau) - greatly valorous, mighty, possessing great strength

• समाश्वस्तौ (samāśvastau) - confident, reassured, emboldened

• नरर्षभौ (nararṣabhau) - two bulls among men, two best among men

• बलिनौ (balinau) - strong, powerful

• वारणौ (vāraṇau) - two elephants

• यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, like

• वाशितार्थे (vāśitārthe) - for the sake of a female elephant

• मदोत्कटौ (madotkaṭau) - maddened by rut, intoxicated, exceedingly proud

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महावीर्यौ (mahāvīryau) - greatly valorous, mighty, possessing great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great strength, very powerful, greatly valorous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vīrya – strength, valor, energy
  noun (neuter)

समाश्वस्तौ (samāśvastau) - confident, reassured, emboldened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samāśvasta

samāśvasta - confident, emboldened, reassured

Past Passive Participle

From root śvas with prefixes sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

नरर्षभौ (nararṣabhau) - two bulls among men, two best among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, chief of men, best of men

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

बलिनौ (balinau) - strong, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

वारणौ (vāraṇau) - two elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, like

(indeclinable)

वाशितार्थे (vāśitārthe) - for the sake of a female elephant

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāśitārtha

vāśitārtha - purpose of a female elephant, for a female elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāśitā+artha)

• vāśitā – female elephant
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: The locative case here denotes purpose.

मदोत्कटौ (madotkaṭau) - maddened by rut, intoxicated, exceedingly proud

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of madotkaṭa

madotkaṭa - maddened by rut, intoxicated, furious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mada+utkaṭa)

• mada – rut, intoxication, pride
  noun (masculine)
• utkaṭa – excessive, prominent, violent
  adjective (masculine)