महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-6

तथा तस्मिन्वर्तमाने संकुले तुमुले भृशम् ।
उभावपि परिश्रान्तौ युध्यमानावरिंदमौ ॥६॥

6. tathā tasminvartamāne saṁkule tumule bhṛśam ,
ubhāvapi pariśrāntau yudhyamānāvariṁdamau.

6. tathā tasmin vartamāne saṃkule tumule bhṛśam
ubhau api pariśrāntau yudhyamānau ariṃdamau

6. tathā tasmin saṃkule tumule vartamāne ubhau
api ariṃdamau yudhyamānau bhṛśam pariśrāntau

6. And so, as that crowded and tumultuous (battle) raged, both of them, the subjugators of enemies, fighting, became exceedingly exhausted.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and so

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - raging, taking place, present

• संकुले (saṁkule) - in the crowded, in the confused

• तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumultuous, in the noisy

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• अपि (api) - also, indeed, even

• परिश्रान्तौ (pariśrāntau) - utterly exhausted, greatly fatigued

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting, battling

• अरिंदमौ (ariṁdamau) - the two subjugators of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and so

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronoun tad with the suffix -thā.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the battle implied in context, forming a locative absolute.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - raging, taking place, present

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, taking place

Present Participle

Present participle (śānac) of the root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) in Ātmanepada.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tasmin and the implied battle, part of the locative absolute construction.

संकुले (saṁkule) - in the crowded, in the confused

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, tumultuous, filled with

Derived from root kul (to gather) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul

Note: Agrees with tasmin and the implied battle.

तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumultuous, in the noisy

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, agitated, confused

Note: Agrees with tasmin and the implied battle.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of bhṛśa.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in the dual.

Note: Subject of the implied verb of becoming/being.

अपि (api) - also, indeed, even

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

परिश्रान्तौ (pariśrāntau) - utterly exhausted, greatly fatigued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - completely exhausted, greatly fatigued, worn out

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective agreeing with ubhau and ariṃdamau.

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting, battling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling, struggling

Present Participle

Present participle (śānac) of the root yudh (to fight) in Ātmanepada.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with ubhau and ariṃdamau.

अरिंदमौ (ariṁdamau) - the two subjugators of enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

Derived from ari (enemy) and dama (taming/subduing). Literally, 'one who tames enemies'.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming, controlling; a tamer, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root dam (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Appositive to ubhau, referring to the two warriors.