महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-5

तथा तस्मिन्महायुद्धे वर्तमाने सुदारुणे ।
खद्योतसंघैरिव खं दर्शनीयं व्यरोचत ॥५॥

5. tathā tasminmahāyuddhe vartamāne sudāruṇe ,
khadyotasaṁghairiva khaṁ darśanīyaṁ vyarocata.

5. tathā tasmin mahāyuddhe vartamāne sudāruṇe
khadyotasaṃghaiḥ iva khaṃ darśanīyaṃ vyarocata

5. tathā tasmin sudāruṇe mahāyuddhe vartamāne
khadyotasaṃghaiḥ iva darśanīyaṃ khaṃ vyarocata

5. And thus, as that great, exceedingly dreadful battle raged, the sky shone beautifully, as if illuminated by swarms of fireflies.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• महायुद्धे (mahāyuddhe) - in the great battle

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - raging, taking place, present

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very dreadful, exceedingly fierce

• खद्योतसंघैः (khadyotasaṁghaiḥ) - by swarms of fireflies

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• खं (khaṁ) - the sky, space

• दर्शनीयं (darśanīyaṁ) - beautiful, worth seeing

• व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - it shone, it glittered

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronoun tad with the suffix -thā.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the battle, forming a locative absolute construction.

महायुद्धे (mahāyuddhe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāyuddha

mahāyuddha - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yuddha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  Derived from the root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Forms a locative absolute with tasmin and vartamāne.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - raging, taking place, present

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, taking place

Present Participle

Present participle (śānac) of the root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) in Ātmanepada.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahāyuddhe, part of the locative absolute construction.

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very dreadful, exceedingly fierce

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, exceedingly fierce, extremely cruel

Formed with the intensive prefix su- and dāruṇa (dreadful).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Intensive prefix.
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with mahāyuddhe.

खद्योतसंघैः (khadyotasaṁghaiḥ) - by swarms of fireflies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khadyotasaṃgha

khadyotasaṁgha - multitude of fireflies, swarm of glow-worms

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (khadyota+saṃgha)

• khadyota – firefly, glow-worm
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of kha (sky) and dyota (shining).
• saṃgha – multitude, collection, swarm, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

खं (khaṁ) - the sky, space

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, ether, space, air

Note: Subject of the verb vyarocata.

दर्शनीयं (darśanīyaṁ) - beautiful, worth seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of darśanīya

darśanīya - beautiful, handsome, worth seeing, visible

Gerundive

Gerundive (anīyar) of the root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for khaṃ.

व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - it shone, it glittered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ruc

Imperfect tense, Ātmanepada

Imperfect (laṅ) form of the root ruc (class 1) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)