महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-53

अताडयद्भीमसेनः पार्श्वे दुर्योधनं तदा ।
स विह्वलः प्रहारेण जानुभ्यामगमन्महीम् ॥५३॥

53. atāḍayadbhīmasenaḥ pārśve duryodhanaṁ tadā ,
sa vihvalaḥ prahāreṇa jānubhyāmagamanmahīm.

53. atāḍayat bhīmasenaḥ pārśve duryodhanam tadā
sa vihvalaḥ prahāreṇa jānubhyām agamat mahīm

53. tadā bhīmasenaḥ atāḍayat duryodhanam pārśve
saḥ prahāreṇa vihvalaḥ jānubhyām mahīm agamat

53. Then Bhīmasena struck Duryodhana on the side. He (Duryodhana), overcome by that blow, fell to the ground on his knees.

Words meanings summery:

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck, he hit

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side, on the flank

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• स (sa) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that one)

• विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - overcome, bewildered, agitated

• प्रहारेण (prahāreṇa) - by the blow, by the impact

• जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with the knees, on the knees

• अगमत् (agamat) - he went, he fell

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, the ground

Words meanings and morphology

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍay

Causative

Imperfect, third person singular, active voice (causative of taḍ). The 'a' prefix indicates past tense (laṅ).

Root: taḍ (class 10)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (a Pāṇḍava prince)

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side, on the flank

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, rib

Locative singular form.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (the eldest Kaurava prince)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal root tad.

स (sa) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'. The 's' changes to 'sa' before a consonant (original form is 'saḥ').

विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - overcome, bewildered, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihvala

vihvala - agitated, confused, overwhelmed

प्रहारेण (prahāreṇa) - by the blow, by the impact

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prahāra

prahāra - blow, strike, impact

Instrumental singular form.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with the knees, on the knees

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of jānu

jānu - knee

Instrumental dual form.

अगमत् (agamat) - he went, he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect, third person singular, active voice. The 'a' prefix indicates past tense (laṅ).

Root: gam (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Accusative singular form.