महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततो दुर्योधनो दृष्ट्वा भीमसेनं तथागतम् ।
प्रत्युद्ययावदीनात्मा वेगेन महता नदन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato duryodhano dṛṣṭvā bhīmasenaṁ tathāgatam ,
pratyudyayāvadīnātmā vegena mahatā nadan.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tataḥ duryodhanaḥ dṛṣṭvā bhīmasenam
tathāgatam pratyudyayau adīnātmā vegena mahatā nadan

1. saṃjaya uvāca tataḥ adīnātmā duryodhanaḥ tathāgatam
bhīmasenam dṛṣṭvā mahatā vegena nadan pratyudyayau

1. Sañjaya said: Then Duryodhana, whose spirit was undaunted (adīnātmā), seeing Bhīmasena arrive, rushed towards him with great speed, roaring.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena

• तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - thus arrived, having come

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - he went to meet, he rushed towards

• अदीनात्मा (adīnātmā) - one whose spirit (ātman) is not dejected (high-spirited, resolute, undaunted)

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, with force

• महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, making noise

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative (lit)

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice, Parasmaipada. Irregular perfect form of root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of the second Pandava brother)

तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - thus arrived, having come

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus come, thus arrived; one who has come in such a manner

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'tathā' (thus) and 'gata' (gone/come, PPP of √gam)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, so
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, come
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhīmasenam.

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - he went to meet, he rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of i

Perfect Active Indicative (lit)

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice, Parasmaipada. Formed with upasargas 'prati' and 'ud'.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The root is √i (to go) with prefixes prati and ud.

अदीनात्मा (adīnātmā) - one whose spirit (ātman) is not dejected (high-spirited, resolute, undaunted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīnātman

adīnātman - high-spirited, resolute, not dejected in spirit

Bahuvrīhi compound: na dīnaḥ ātmā yasya saḥ (whose spirit is not dejected)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dīna – dejected, miserable, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root √dī (to decay, be miserable)
  Root: dī (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Duryodhanaḥ.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, with force

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij (class 6)

महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Agrees with vegena.

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, making noise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nad - to roar, to shout, to make noise

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root √nad (to roar), masculine singular nominative

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Duryodhanaḥ.