महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-56, verse-31

गदामारुतवेगं हि दृष्ट्वा तस्य महात्मनः ।
भयं विवेश पाण्डून्वै सर्वानेव ससोमकान् ॥३१॥

31. gadāmārutavegaṁ hi dṛṣṭvā tasya mahātmanaḥ ,
bhayaṁ viveśa pāṇḍūnvai sarvāneva sasomakān.

31. gadāmārutavegam hi dṛṣṭvā tasya mahātmanaḥ
bhayam viveśa pāṇḍūn vai sarvān eva sasomakān

31. hi vai tasya mahātmanaḥ gadāmārutavegam dṛṣṭvā
bhayam sarvān eva sasomakān pāṇḍūn viveśa

31. Indeed, having perceived the tremendous force of that great-souled (mahātman) Duryodhana's mace, fear certainly entered all the Pāṇḍavas, along with their companions.

Words meanings summery:

• गदामारुतवेगम् (gadāmārutavegam) - the strong wind generated by the swinging mace (the force of the mace-wind)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of that)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Duryodhana (mahātman) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• विवेश (viveśa) - entered, penetrated

• पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pāṇḍavas

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• एव (eva) - all of them (just, only, indeed)

• ससोमकान् (sasomakān) - with their companions/followers

Words meanings and morphology

गदामारुतवेगम् (gadāmārutavegam) - the strong wind generated by the swinging mace (the force of the mace-wind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gadāmārutavega

gadāmārutavega - force of the mace-wind

Compound type : tatpurusha (gadā+māruta+vega)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• māruta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ
• vega – speed, force, velocity, impetus
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or explanation

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś' with ktvā affix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject (implicit) is the Pāṇḍavas.

तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Genitive singular masculine of 'tad'

Note: Possessive, refers to `mahātmanaḥ`.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Duryodhana (mahātman) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (mahātman)

Genitive singular masculine of 'mahātman'

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From 'mahat', used as a prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Root: bhī

विवेश (viveśa) - entered, penetrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root 'viś' (class 6)

Root: viś (class 6)

पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (father of the Pāṇḍavas), Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

Accusative plural masculine, referring to the Pāṇḍava brothers

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Accusative plural masculine, modifies `pāṇḍūn`

एव (eva) - all of them (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

ससोमकान् (sasomakān) - with their companions/followers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sasomaka

sasomaka - with Soma, with companions, with Saumakas

Bahuvrīhi compound 'sa' (with) + 'somaka' (here referring to followers/chiefs/sons), accusative plural masculine

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+somaka)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• somaka – a follower, a chief, a certain people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `pāṇḍūn`.