महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-62

त्वं तु केवलमौर्ख्येण विमूढो नावबुध्यसे ।
पृथिवीं दातुकामोऽपि जीवितेनाद्य मोक्ष्यसे ॥६२॥

62. tvaṁ tu kevalamaurkhyeṇa vimūḍho nāvabudhyase ,
pṛthivīṁ dātukāmo'pi jīvitenādya mokṣyase.

62. tvam tu kevala aurkhyeṇa vimūḍhaḥ na avabudhyase
pṛthivīm dātukāmaḥ api jīvitena adya mokṣyase

62. tu tvam kevala aurkhyeṇa vimūḍhaḥ na avabudhyase
pṛthivīm dātukāmaḥ api adya jīvitena mokṣyase

62. But you, utterly deluded by sheer foolishness, do not comprehend. Even if you desire to give away the earth (pṛthivī), today you will be released from life (i.e., you will die).

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duryodhana) (you)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• केवल (kevala) - mere, sole, pure

• और्ख्येण (aurkhyeṇa) - by foolishness, by stupidity

• विमूढः (vimūḍhaḥ) - utterly deluded, thoroughly bewildered

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

• दातुकामः (dātukāmaḥ) - desirous of giving

• अपि (api) - even, although

• जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, from life

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will die (you will be liberated, you will be released)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duryodhana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Subject of 'avabudhyase' and 'mokṣyase'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrast.

केवल (kevala) - mere, sole, pure

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - alone, solitary, mere, pure, exclusive

Note: Qualifies 'aurkhyeṇa'.

और्ख्येण (aurkhyeṇa) - by foolishness, by stupidity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of aurkhya

aurkhya - foolishness, stupidity, folly

Derived from mūrkha (fool) + nya suffix.

Note: Indicates the cause or means of delusion.

विमूढः (vimūḍhaḥ) - utterly deluded, thoroughly bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimūḍha

vimūḍha - bewildered, deluded, confused, foolish

past passive participle

From root muh (to be bewildered) with upasarga vi, and suffix -kta. Nom. sg. masc.

Prefix: vi

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Describes 'tvam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'avabudhyase'.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

present middle indicative

Root budh (class 4), present, second person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'tvam'.

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, world, land

Note: Object of 'dātu-kāmaḥ'.

दातुकामः (dātukāmaḥ) - desirous of giving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātukāma

dātukāma - desirous of giving, wishing to give

Compound of infinitive 'dātum' and noun 'kāma' (desire). Nom. sg. masc.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dātum+kāma)

• dātum – to give
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  From root dā (to give), with infinitive suffix -tum.
  Root: dā (class 3)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even, although

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions concessively.

जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, from life

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

past passive participle

From root jīv (to live), with suffix -kta. Nom. sg. neuter used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of separation or means.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'mokṣyase'.

मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will die (you will be liberated, you will be released)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of mokṣ

future middle indicative

Desiderative root from muc (to free), forms mokṣate. Here future second person singular, middle voice.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'tvam'.

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