महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-53

अधर्मेण न गृह्णीयां त्वया दत्तां महीमिमाम् ।
न हि धर्मः स्मृतो राजन्क्षत्रियस्य प्रतिग्रहः ॥५३॥

53. adharmeṇa na gṛhṇīyāṁ tvayā dattāṁ mahīmimām ,
na hi dharmaḥ smṛto rājankṣatriyasya pratigrahaḥ.

53. adharmeṇa na gṛhṇīyām tvayā dattām mahīm imām | na
hi dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ rājan kṣatriyasya pratigrahaḥ

53. rājan adharmeṇa tvayā dattām imām mahīm na gṛhṇīyām
hi kṣatriyasya pratigrahaḥ dharmaḥ na smṛtaḥ

53. I would not accept this land, given by you, through an act of unrighteousness (adharma). For, O king, the acceptance of gifts is certainly not considered the proper natural law (dharma) for a warrior (kṣatriya).

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by violating natural law (dharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice)

• न (na) - not, no

• गृह्णीयाम् (gṛhṇīyām) - I would accept, I should accept

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to Suyodhana/Duryodhana) (by you)

• दत्ताम् (dattām) - given, granted

• महीम् (mahīm) - the kingdom (the earth, land, kingdom)

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper natural law (dharma) or righteous conduct for a kṣatriya (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - considered or traditionally declared (in sacred texts or by tradition) (remembered, considered, laid down)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (referring to Bhishma) (O king)

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya (warrior, ruler)

• प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of a gift, receiving

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by violating natural law (dharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ 'to support, to maintain'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: It implies that accepting a gift from Duryodhana would be against Yudhiṣṭhira's own (dharma).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गृह्णीयाम् (gṛhṇīyām) - I would accept, I should accept

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √grah

Optative Active

Root grah (9th class), optative mood, 1st person singular

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Used with na, means 'I would not accept'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to Suyodhana/Duryodhana) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

दत्ताम् (dattām) - given, granted

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

From root √dā 'to give', with suffix -ta.

Root: dā (class 3)

महीम् (mahīm) - the kingdom (the earth, land, kingdom)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land, kingdom

Note: Contextually refers to the kingdom.

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, also causal.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper natural law (dharma) or righteous conduct for a kṣatriya (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Contextually implies 'proper duty' or 'righteous conduct'.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - considered or traditionally declared (in sacred texts or by tradition) (remembered, considered, laid down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, declared, laid down (as law or tradition)

Past Passive Participle

From root √smṛ 'to remember', with suffix -ta.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Often used to indicate traditional or scriptural authority.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (referring to Bhishma) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya (warrior, ruler)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class, a warrior (kṣatriya)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's own caste duty.

प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of a gift, receiving

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigraha

pratigraha - acceptance (especially of a gift), receiving, a gift received

From √grah 'to seize, to take' with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: It is not a kṣatriya's duty to merely *receive* the kingdom as a gift; they should *conquer* it.