महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-60

स कथं पृथिवीमेतां प्रददासि विशां पते ।
सूच्यग्रं नात्यजः पूर्वं स कथं त्यजसि क्षितिम् ॥६०॥

60. sa kathaṁ pṛthivīmetāṁ pradadāsi viśāṁ pate ,
sūcyagraṁ nātyajaḥ pūrvaṁ sa kathaṁ tyajasi kṣitim.

60. sa katham pṛthivīm etām pra dadāsi viśām pate
sūcyagram na atyajaḥ pūrvam sa katham tyajasi kṣitim

60. viśām pate sa katham etām pṛthivīm pra dadāsi pūrvam
sa sūcyagram na atyajaḥ katham kṣitim tyajasi

60. O lord of the people, how can you give away this entire earth (pṛthivī)? You who previously did not relinquish even a needle's point (sūcyagram), how can you now abandon the whole earth (kṣitim)?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - you (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

• एताम् (etām) - this

• प्र (pra) - forth, forward, thoroughly

• ददासि (dadāsi) - you give, you grant

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O Duryodhana (O lord, O master)

• सूच्यग्रम् (sūcyagram) - a needle's point

• न (na) - not

• अत्यजः (atyajaḥ) - you abandoned, you gave up

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

• स (sa) - you (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• त्यजसि (tyajasi) - you abandon, you give up

• क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - the earth, land

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - you (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as a pronoun for 'you' (Duryodhana).

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, world, land

Note: Object of 'pradadāsi'.

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

प्र (pra) - forth, forward, thoroughly

(indeclinable)

ददासि (dadāsi) - you give, you grant

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

present active indicative

Root dā (class 3, reduplicated), second person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies a rhetorical "how can you give?"

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects, community

Note: Part of the compound address 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O Duryodhana (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, ruler

Note: Addressed to Duryodhana.

सूच्यग्रम् (sūcyagram) - a needle's point

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūcyagra

sūcyagra - needle-point, tip of a needle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūci+agra)

• sūci – needle
  noun (feminine)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'atyajaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'atyajaḥ'.

अत्यजः (atyajaḥ) - you abandoned, you gave up

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tyaj

imperfect active indicative

Root tyaj (class 1), imperfect, second person singular. Preceded by `a` augment for past tense.

Prefix: ati

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: 'a' is the augment for imperfect tense.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'atyajaḥ'.

स (sa) - you (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as a pronoun for 'you' (Duryodhana).

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

त्यजसि (tyajasi) - you abandon, you give up

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

present active indicative

Root tyaj (class 1), present, second person singular.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Implies "how can you give up *now*?"

क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, land, dwelling

Note: Object of 'tyajasi'.