महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-16

सुयोधन किमर्थोऽयमारम्भोऽप्सु कृतस्त्वया ।
सर्वं क्षत्रं घातयित्वा स्वकुलं च विशां पते ॥१६॥

16. suyodhana kimartho'yamārambho'psu kṛtastvayā ,
sarvaṁ kṣatraṁ ghātayitvā svakulaṁ ca viśāṁ pate.

16. suyodhana kimarthaḥ ayam ārambhaḥ apsu kṛtaḥ tvayā
| sarvaṃ kṣatraṃ ghātayitvā svakulaṃ ca viśām pate

16. suyodhana viśām pate sarvaṃ kṣatraṃ svakulaṃ ca
ghātayitvā tvayā ayam ārambhaḥ apsu kimarthaḥ kṛtaḥ

16. O Suyodhana, O lord of the people, after having caused the destruction of all kṣatriyas and your own family, for what reason have you undertaken this endeavor in the water?

Words meanings summery:

• सुयोधन (suyodhana) - Duryodhana (Suyodhana (proper name))

• किमर्थः (kimarthaḥ) - for what purpose, why

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - undertaking, beginning, endeavor

• अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

• क्षत्रं (kṣatraṁ) - the warrior class/community (the kṣatriya class, warriors, dominion)

• घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused to be killed, having destroyed

• स्वकुलं (svakulaṁ) - one's own family

• च (ca) - and

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

सुयोधन (suyodhana) - Duryodhana (Suyodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (Duryodhana's name, meaning 'good warrior')

Note: Addressed to Duryodhana.

किमर्थः (kimarthaḥ) - for what purpose, why

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kimartha

kimartha - for what purpose, why, for what reason

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ārambhaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Qualifies 'ārambhaḥ'.

आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - undertaking, beginning, endeavor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārambha

ārambha - beginning, undertaking, enterprise, attempt

From prefix 'ā-' + root 'rabh' (to seize, begin).

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Note: Refers to the lake where Duryodhana is hiding.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make), past passive participle.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'ārambhaḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'kṛtaḥ'.

सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Qualifies 'kṣatram'.

क्षत्रं (kṣatraṁ) - the warrior class/community (the kṣatriya class, warriors, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - rule, dominion, power, the warrior class

Note: Object of 'ghātayitvā'.

घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused to be killed, having destroyed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (krt)

From causal of root √han (to strike, kill) + ktvā suffix. Causal stem 'ghātaya'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Absolutive indicating prior action.

स्वकुलं (svakulaṁ) - one's own family

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svakula

svakula - one's own family, one's own race

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+kula)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'ghātayitvā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, community

Note: Part of the compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Used in compound 'viśām pate'.