महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-51

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
आर्तप्रलापान्मा तात सलिलस्थः प्रभाषथाः ।
नैतन्मनसि मे राजन्वाशितं शकुनेरिव ॥५१॥

51. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ārtapralāpānmā tāta salilasthaḥ prabhāṣathāḥ ,
naitanmanasi me rājanvāśitaṁ śakuneriva.

51. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | ārta-pralāpān mā tāta salila-sthaḥ
prabhāṣathāḥ | na etat manasi me rājan vāśitam śakuneḥ iva

51. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta salila-sthaḥ ārta-pralāpān mā
prabhāṣathāḥ rājan me manasi etat śakuneḥ vāśitam iva na

51. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "My dear father (tāta), while you are situated amidst the waters, do not utter such piteous lamentations of distress. O king, these words do not settle in my mind, just like the mere cry of a bird."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• आर्त-प्रलापान् (ārta-pralāpān) - lamentations of the distressed, piteous cries

• मा (mā) - do not, not (prohibitive particle)

• तात (tāta) - My dear father (referring to Bhishma) (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

• सलिल-स्थः (salila-sthaḥ) - situated amidst the waters (referring to Bhishma's state on the bed of arrows, near a river or supplied with water) (situated in water, being in water)

• प्रभाषथाः (prabhāṣathāḥ) - you should speak (used here in a prohibitive sense with mā) (you should speak, you are speaking, speak)

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - these words (referring to Bhishma's lamentations) (this)

• मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, heart

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (referring to Bhishma) (O king)

• वाशितम् (vāśitam) - mere cry or sound (implying something fleeting and without substance) (a cry, shriek, sound)

• शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of a bird

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable (feminine)
  locative of yudh (feminine noun 'battle')
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Active

root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आर्त-प्रलापान् (ārta-pralāpān) - lamentations of the distressed, piteous cries

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ārta-pralāpa

ārta-pralāpa - lamentation of the distressed, piteous cry

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārta+pralāpa)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ṛ 'to go, to move', with prefix ā- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• pralāpa – lamentation, incoherent talk, meaningless speech
  noun (masculine)
  From √lap 'to speak' with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lap (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not, not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - My dear father (referring to Bhishma) (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son (used as a term of endearment, often by a younger person to an elder)

सलिल-स्थः (salila-sthaḥ) - situated amidst the waters (referring to Bhishma's state on the bed of arrows, near a river or supplied with water) (situated in water, being in water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salila-stha

salila-stha - situated in water, standing in water, being in water

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (salila+stha)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, existing, situated (often at the end of compounds)
  adjective
  agent noun/derivative
  From root sthā 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhishma's physical state, likely symbolizing his deep suffering or proximity to water.

प्रभाषथाः (prabhāṣathāḥ) - you should speak (used here in a prohibitive sense with mā) (you should speak, you are speaking, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, injunctive (luṅ) of √bhāṣ

Injunctive

Root bhāṣ with prefix pra-, 2nd person singular, injunctive/aorist middle voice, used with mā for prohibition.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The form is formally an aorist middle, but with 'mā' functions as a prohibitive imperative.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - these words (referring to Bhishma's lamentations) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the 'lamentations' or words spoken by Bhishma.

मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, heart

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

राजन् (rājan) - O king (referring to Bhishma) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

वाशितम् (vāśitam) - mere cry or sound (implying something fleeting and without substance) (a cry, shriek, sound)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāśita

vāśita - crying, roaring, sounding; a cry, sound, shriek

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root √vāś 'to cry, to roar, to sound'.

Root: vāś (class 1)

Note: The meaning here is 'mere sound' or 'cry' rather than something profound.

शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of a bird

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - bird, fowl

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)