महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-15

संजय उवाच ।
इत्युक्तो वासुदेवेन पाण्डवः संशितव्रतः ।
जलस्थं तं महाराज तव पुत्रं महाबलम् ।
अभ्यभाषत कौन्तेयः प्रहसन्निव भारत ॥१५॥

15. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ityukto vāsudevena pāṇḍavaḥ saṁśitavrataḥ ,
jalasthaṁ taṁ mahārāja tava putraṁ mahābalam ,
abhyabhāṣata kaunteyaḥ prahasanniva bhārata.

15. sañjaya uvāca | iti uktaḥ vāsudevena
pāṇḍavaḥ saṃśitavrataḥ | jalasthaṃ taṃ
mahārāja tava putraṃ mahābalam |
abhyabhāṣata kaunteyaḥ prahasan iva bhārata

15. sañjaya uvāca mahārāja bhārata
vāsudevena iti uktaḥ saṃśitavrataḥ
pāṇḍavaḥ jalasthaṃ mahābalam tava
putraṃ prahasan iva abhyabhāṣata

15. Sañjaya said: O great king, O Bhārata, after Vāsudeva had spoken thus, Kounteya, who was firm in his vow, addressed your immensely powerful son, who was staying in the water, as if laughing.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said

• वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - by Vāsudeva

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - one whose vow is firm, one of firm resolve

• जलस्थं (jalasthaṁ) - standing in water, located in water

• तं (taṁ) - him, that

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रं (putraṁ) - Duryodhana (son)

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - immensely powerful, of great strength

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), 3rd person singular perfect active. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root √vac (to speak), past passive participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally to qualify the subject (Pāṇḍava).

वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - by Vāsudeva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Kṛṣṇa

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Taddhita derivation from 'paṇḍu' + 'aṇ' (patronymic).

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - one whose vow is firm, one of firm resolve

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vow is sharpened/firm, firm in resolve/vow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'sam-' + root 'śi' (to sharpen) + kta.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 5)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍava.

जलस्थं (jalasthaṁ) - standing in water, located in water

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jalastha

jalastha - standing in water, situated in water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+stha)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  From root √sthā (to stand), suffix 'a'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

तं (taṁ) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, qualifying 'putram'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

पुत्रं (putraṁ) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - immensely powerful, of great strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, immensely powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

imperfect middle

From root √bhāṣ (1st class), with prefix 'abhi-', 3rd person singular imperfect middle.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Taddhita derivation from 'kuntī' + 'ḍhak' (patronymic).

Note: Subject of 'abhyabhāṣata'. Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

From prefix 'pra-' + root 'has' (to laugh), present active participle, nominative singular masculine.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Kaunteyaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata

Taddhita derivation from 'bharata' + 'aṇ' (patronymic).

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.