महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-41

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
यदर्थं राज्यमिच्छामि कुरूणां कुरुनन्दन ।
त इमे निहताः सर्वे भ्रातरो मे जनेश्वर ॥४१॥

41. duryodhana uvāca ,
yadarthaṁ rājyamicchāmi kurūṇāṁ kurunandana ,
ta ime nihatāḥ sarve bhrātaro me janeśvara.

41. Duryodhanaḥ uvāca yadartham rājyam icchāmi Kurūṇām
Kurunandana te ime nihatāḥ sarve bhrātaraḥ me Janiśvara

41. Duryodhanaḥ uvāca He Kurunandana,
he Janiśvara,
yadartham rājyam icchāmi,
te ime sarve me bhrātaraḥ nihatāḥ

41. Duryodhana said: "O joy of the Kurus (kuru-nandana), the very purpose for which I desired the kingdom, my brothers, all of them, O lord of men (jana-īśvara), are now slain!"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, for whose sake

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (O joy of the Kurus)

• ते (te) - Refers to Duryodhana's brothers. (those)

• इमे (ime) - Refers to Duryodhana's brothers. (these)

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - The hundred Kaurava brothers, Duryodhana's siblings. (brothers)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• जनिश्वर (janiśvara) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (O lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duryodhana

Duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, 'hard to fight')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'difficult' or 'bad'
• yodhana – fighter, fighting
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular, root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, for whose sake

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yat+artha)

• yat – which, what
  pronoun (neuter)
  Relative pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Note: Object of icchāmi.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present active 1st person singular, from root iṣ (P. icchati)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of Kuru

Kuru - name of an ancient king and his dynasty, the Kurus

Note: Used as an epithet in 'kuru-nandana'

कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (O joy of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Kurunandana

Kurunandana - joy of the Kurus, delight of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Kuru+nandana)

• Kuru – Kuru (dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, causing joy
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: An epithet for Yudhishthira.

ते (te) - Refers to Duryodhana's brothers. (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative plural

Note: Corresponds to yat in yadartham.

इमे (ime) - Refers to Duryodhana's brothers. (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative plural

Note: Emphasizes proximity, "these very ones".

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

past passive participle

Past passive participle from ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for bhrātaraḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Modifies bhrātaraḥ.

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - The hundred Kaurava brothers, Duryodhana's siblings. (brothers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person singular pronoun, genitive/dative

Note: Possessive, "my brothers".

जनिश्वर (janiśvara) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (O lord of men)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Janiśvara

Janiśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: An epithet for Yudhishthira.