महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-21

स कथं कौरवे वंशे प्रशंसञ्जन्म चात्मनः ।
युद्धाद्भीतस्ततस्तोयं प्रविश्य प्रतितिष्ठसि ॥२१॥

21. sa kathaṁ kaurave vaṁśe praśaṁsañjanma cātmanaḥ ,
yuddhādbhītastatastoyaṁ praviśya pratitiṣṭhasi.

21. sa katham kaurave vaṃśe praśaṃsan janma ca ātmanaḥ
yuddhāt bhītaḥ tataḥ toyam praviśya pratititiṣṭhasi

21. sa katham kaurave vaṃśe ātmanaḥ janma ca praśaṃsan
yuddhāt bhītaḥ tataḥ toyam praviśya pratititiṣṭhasi

21. How can you, having praised your own (ātman) birth in the Kuru lineage, then, being afraid of battle, enter the water and remain there?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - you (referring to the king) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• कौरवे (kaurave) - in the Kuru (family)

• वंशे (vaṁśe) - in the lineage, in the family

• प्रशंसन् (praśaṁsan) - praising, extolling

• जन्म (janma) - birth, origin

• च (ca) - and

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of self, of oneself, his own (ātman)

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

• तोयम् (toyam) - water

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• प्रतितितिष्ठसि (pratititiṣṭhasi) - you remain, you stay

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - you (referring to the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

कौरवे (kaurave) - in the Kuru (family)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru, belonging to Kuru

वंशे (vaṁśe) - in the lineage, in the family

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - lineage, race, family, bamboo

प्रशंसन् (praśaṁsan) - praising, extolling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśaṃs

praśaṁs - to praise, to commend, to eulogize

Present Active Participle

from root śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Functions as a participle, modifying 'sa'.

जन्म (janma) - birth, origin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, production

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of self, of oneself, his own (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, combat

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, afraid, fearful

Past Passive Participle

from root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

(indeclinable)

तोयम् (toyam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root viś (to enter) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

प्रतितितिष्ठसि (pratititiṣṭhasi) - you remain, you stay

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratithā

present active second singular

from root sthā (to stand) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)