महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-30, verse-36

अरथश्चानिषङ्गी च निहतः पार्ष्णिसारथिः ।
एकश्चाप्यगणः संख्ये प्रत्याश्वासमरोचयम् ॥३६॥

36. arathaścāniṣaṅgī ca nihataḥ pārṣṇisārathiḥ ,
ekaścāpyagaṇaḥ saṁkhye pratyāśvāsamarocayam.

36. arathaḥ ca aniṣaṅgī ca nihataḥ pārṣṇisārathiḥ
ekaḥ ca api agaṇaḥ saṃkhye pratyāśvāsam arocayam

36. aham arathaḥ ca aniṣaṅgī ca nihataḥ pārṣṇisārathiḥ
ca api ekaḥ agaṇaḥ saṃkhye pratyāśvāsam na arocayam

36. Though without a chariot, without a quiver, and with my charioteer killed, I, who was alone and without an army in battle, did not choose retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• अरथः (arathaḥ) - without a chariot, charriotless

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनिषङ्गी (aniṣaṅgī) - without a quiver

• च (ca) - and, also

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, slain

• पार्ष्णिसारथिः (pārṣṇisārathiḥ) - charioteer (who supports from the rear, or literally killed at the heel/rear of the chariot) (charioteer at the rear/heel)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even though, although (also, even, too)

• अगणः (agaṇaḥ) - without troops, without a retinue

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

• प्रत्याश्वासम् (pratyāśvāsam) - retreat (literally, 'back-breathing', implying turning back or withdrawal) (retreat, comfort, reassurance)

• अरोचयम् (arocayam) - I did not desire, I did not approve

Words meanings and morphology

अरथः (arathaḥ) - without a chariot, charriotless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aratha

aratha - without a chariot

Negative prefix 'a' + 'ratha'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+ratha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (Duryodhana)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनिषङ्गी (aniṣaṅgī) - without a quiver

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniṣaṅgin

aniṣaṅgin - without a quiver

Negative prefix 'an' + 'iṣaṅgin' (possessing a quiver)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+iṣaṅgin)

• an – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• iṣaṅgin – possessing a quiver
  adjective (masculine)
  From iṣaṅga (quiver) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (Duryodhana)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'pārṣṇisārathiḥ'

पार्ष्णिसारथिः (pārṣṇisārathiḥ) - charioteer (who supports from the rear, or literally killed at the heel/rear of the chariot) (charioteer at the rear/heel)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārṣṇisārathi

pārṣṇisārathi - charioteer at the heel/rear (of the chariot)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārṣṇi+sārathi)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, back
  noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a descriptive phrase modifying implied 'I'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Qualifies implied 'I' (Duryodhana)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even though, although (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अगणः (agaṇaḥ) - without troops, without a retinue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agaṇa

agaṇa - without a retinue, solitary, without troops

Negative prefix 'a' + 'gaṇa'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+gaṇa)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• gaṇa – troop, retinue, group, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies implied 'I' (Duryodhana)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, encounter, enumeration

प्रत्याश्वासम् (pratyāśvāsam) - retreat (literally, 'back-breathing', implying turning back or withdrawal) (retreat, comfort, reassurance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyāśvāsa

pratyāśvāsa - comfort, reassurance; turning back, retreat

Derived from √śvas with prefixes prati and ā.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

अरोचयम् (arocayam) - I did not desire, I did not approve

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ruc

Imperfect active (causative/denom.)

From root √ruc, Class 10 (or caus. of Class 1) 'rocayati'. 'a-' is augment for imperfect. 1st person singular.

Root: ruc (class 1)