महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-29, verse-49

तेषामाशु प्रयातानां रथानां तत्र वेगिनाम् ।
बभूव तुमुलः शब्दो दिवस्पृक्पृथिवीपते ॥४९॥

49. teṣāmāśu prayātānāṁ rathānāṁ tatra veginām ,
babhūva tumulaḥ śabdo divaspṛkpṛthivīpate.

49. teṣām āśu prayātānām rathānām tatra veginām
babhūva tumulaḥ śabdaḥ divaspṛk pṛthivīpate

49. pṛthivīpate tatra teṣām āśu prayātānām veginām
rathānām tumulaḥ divaspṛk śabdaḥ babhūva

49. O lord of the earth, there arose a tumultuous sound, touching the very sky, from those swift chariots that were moving swiftly.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of those (chariots) (Of them; their)

• आशु (āśu) - Swiftly (Swiftly, quickly, immediately)

• प्रयातानाम् (prayātānām) - Of those moving (Of those gone forth, of those proceeding)

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - Of the chariots (Of chariots)

• तत्र (tatra) - There (referring to the general location) (There, in that place)

• वेगिनाम् (veginām) - Of the swift (chariots) (Of the swift ones, of the speedy)

• बभूव (babhūva) - Arose (There was, became, occurred)

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - Tumultuous (Tumultuous, loud, great, turbulent)

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - Sound (Sound, noise, word)

• दिवस्पृक् (divaspṛk) - Touching the sky (Touching the sky, sky-touching)

• पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of those (chariots) (Of them; their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - That, that one, they

Note: Refers to the chariots mentioned subsequently.

आशु (āśu) - Swiftly (Swiftly, quickly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of the adjective

Note: Adverb modifying prayātānām.

प्रयातानाम् (prayātānām) - Of those moving (Of those gone forth, of those proceeding)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - Gone forth, departed, proceeded, moving

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yā (to go) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Past passive participle used adjectivally.

रथानाम् (rathānām) - Of the chariots (Of chariots)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - Chariot, car

Note: Co-ordinated with teṣām, prayātānām, veginām.

तत्र (tatra) - There (referring to the general location) (There, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad

वेगिनाम् (veginām) - Of the swift (chariots) (Of the swift ones, of the speedy)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vegin

vegin - Swift, speedy, impetuous

Derived from vega (speed, velocity) + in suffix

बभूव (babhūva) - Arose (There was, became, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect active

reduplicated perfect form

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is śabdaḥ.

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - Tumultuous (Tumultuous, loud, great, turbulent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - Tumultuous, noisy, agitated, great

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - Sound (Sound, noise, word)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - Sound, noise, word, voice

दिवस्पृक् (divaspṛk) - Touching the sky (Touching the sky, sky-touching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divaspṛś

divaspṛś - Touching the sky, sky-touching

Compound formed from divas (sky, heaven) and √spṛś (to touch)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divas+spṛś)

• divas – Sky, heaven, day
  noun (neuter)
• spṛś – Touching (verbal root for touching)
  verb
  From root √spṛś, here as a nominal stem (agent noun/kṛt formation)
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - Lord of the earth, king, monarch

Compound formed from pṛthivī (earth) and pati (lord, master)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – Earth, world
  noun (feminine)
• pati – Lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya.