महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-29, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
हतेषु सर्वसैन्येषु पाण्डुपुत्रै रणाजिरे ।
मम सैन्यावशिष्टास्ते किमकुर्वत संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
hateṣu sarvasainyeṣu pāṇḍuputrai raṇājire ,
mama sainyāvaśiṣṭāste kimakurvata saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca hateṣu sarva-sainyeṣu pāṇḍuputraiḥ
raṇājire mama sainya-avaśiṣṭāḥ te kim akurvata saṃjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya pāṇḍuputraiḥ raṇājire
sarva-sainyeṣu hateṣu mama sainya-avaśiṣṭāḥ te kim akurvata

1. Dhritarashtra said, "Sanjaya, what did those remaining from my army do after all my troops had been slain on the battlefield by the sons of Pandu?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हतेषु (hateṣu) - killed, slain

• सर्व-सैन्येषु (sarva-sainyeṣu) - in all armies, among all troops

• पाण्डुपुत्रैः (pāṇḍuputraiḥ) - by the sons of Pandu, by the Pandavas

• रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सैन्य-अवशिष्टाः (sainya-avaśiṣṭāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's surviving soldiers (the remaining soldiers, those left of the army)

• ते (te) - referring to the remaining soldiers (they, those)

• किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, whether)

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and advisor (O Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a proper name), one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

हतेषु (hateṣu) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Locative, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: In locative absolute construction

सर्व-सैन्येषु (sarva-sainyeṣu) - in all armies, among all troops

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarva-sainya

sarva-sainya - all armies, the entire host

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• sainya – army, troops, host
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from senā (army)

Note: In locative absolute construction, referring to Dhritarashtra's armies.

पाण्डुपुत्रैः (pāṇḍuputraiḥ) - by the sons of Pandu, by the Pandavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pandu, Pandava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name), yellowish-white
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• ajira – courtyard, arena, open space
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aj

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive form

सैन्य-अवशिष्टाः (sainya-avaśiṣṭāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's surviving soldiers (the remaining soldiers, those left of the army)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainya-avaśiṣṭa

sainya-avaśiṣṭa - remaining army, surviving soldiers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sainya+avaśiṣṭa)

• sainya – army, troops, host
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from senā (army)
• avaśiṣṭa – left over, remaining, residual
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śiṣ with prefix ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Here used as a noun, 'those who remained of the army'.

ते (te) - referring to the remaining soldiers (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Can also be an indeclinable 'why' or 'whether'. Here, it functions as a pronoun.

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Middle

Aorist (luṅ) Middle, 3rd person plural

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The Aorist is often translated as simple past.

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and advisor (O Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, complete victory

From saṃ-√ji

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)