महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-29, verse-43

असौ दुर्योधनो राजन्विज्ञातो मम लुब्धकैः ।
संस्तभ्य सलिलं शेते यस्यार्थे परितप्यसे ॥४३॥

43. asau duryodhano rājanvijñāto mama lubdhakaiḥ ,
saṁstabhya salilaṁ śete yasyārthe paritapyase.

43. asau duryodhanaḥ rājan vijñātaḥ mama lubdhakaiḥ
saṃstabhya salilam śete yasya arthe paritapyase

43. rājan,
asau duryodhanaḥ mama lubdhakaiḥ vijñātaḥ.
yasya arthe tvam paritapyase,
(saḥ) salilam saṃstabhya śete.

43. O King, my hunters have discovered this Duryodhana. He is resting in the water, having held back its flow, for whose sake you are lamenting.

Words meanings summery:

• असौ (asau) - this Duryodhana (this (person or thing in sight))

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

• विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - has been discovered (known, discovered, understood)

• मम (mama) - by my (hunters) (by me, my)

• लुब्धकैः (lubdhakaiḥ) - by Bhīma's hunters (who reported to him) (by hunters)

• संस्तभ्य (saṁstabhya) - having held back/blocked the water (through mystic power) (having stopped, having blocked, having restrained)

• सलिलम् (salilam) - water

• शेते (śete) - he is hiding by lying down (in the water) (he lies, he rests)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (Duryodhana's) (whose, of whom)

• अर्थे (arthe) - on whose account (for the sake of, on account of, purpose)

• परितप्यसे (paritapyase) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) are grieving/lamenting (over Duryodhana's fate or the war itself) (you grieve, you lament, you suffer)

Words meanings and morphology

असौ (asau) - this Duryodhana (this (person or thing in sight))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - this, that (referring to something distant or pointed out)

Note: Distant demonstrative pronoun.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - has been discovered (known, discovered, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñāta

vijñāta - known, discovered, understood

past passive participle

Derived from root jñā with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with Duryodhana.

मम (mama) - by my (hunters) (by me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Used here with an agentive sense (by me/my people).

लुब्धकैः (lubdhakaiḥ) - by Bhīma's hunters (who reported to him) (by hunters)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of lubdhaka

lubdhaka - hunter, fowler

संस्तभ्य (saṁstabhya) - having held back/blocked the water (through mystic power) (having stopped, having blocked, having restrained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root stambh with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: stambh (class 9)

Note: Duryodhana used his māyā/powers to create a water-holding illusion.

सलिलम् (salilam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

शेते (śete) - he is hiding by lying down (in the water) (he lies, he rests)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of śī

Present Middle

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (Duryodhana's) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

अर्थे (arthe) - on whose account (for the sake of, on account of, purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, for the sake of

Note: The locative case with 'yasya' implies 'for the sake of which/whom'.

परितप्यसे (paritapyase) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) are grieving/lamenting (over Duryodhana's fate or the war itself) (you grieve, you lament, you suffer)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of paritap

Present Middle

Derived from root tap with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.