महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-29, verse-27

तेषां श्रुत्वा च संवादं राज्ञश्च सलिले सतः ।
व्याधाभ्यजानन्राजेन्द्र सलिलस्थं सुयोधनम् ॥२७॥

27. teṣāṁ śrutvā ca saṁvādaṁ rājñaśca salile sataḥ ,
vyādhābhyajānanrājendra salilasthaṁ suyodhanam.

27. teṣām śrutvā ca saṃvādam rājñaḥ ca salile sataḥ
vyādhāḥ abhyajānan rājendra salilastham suyodhanam

27. rājendra vyādhāḥ teṣām saṃvādam ca salile sataḥ
rājñaḥ ca śrutvā salilastham suyodhanam abhyajānan

27. O king of kings (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), the hunters, having heard the conversation of those (warriors) and also of the king (Duryodhana) who was present in the water, recognized Suyodhana, who was situated in the water.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the 'mahārathān' from the previous verse, i.e., the great charioteers or warriors allied with Duryodhana. (of them, their)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च (ca) - and, also

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - conversation, dialogue, discourse

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of Duryodhana. (of the king)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सलिले (salile) - In the lake where Duryodhana was hiding. (in the water)

• सतः (sataḥ) - Of the king (Duryodhana) who was present in the water. (of the existing, of the being, of the present (one))

• व्याधाः (vyādhāḥ) - hunters

• अभ्यजानन् (abhyajānan) - they recognized, they knew

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• सलिलस्थम् (salilastham) - Duryodhana, who was hiding in the water. (situated in the water, remaining in the water)

• सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (Suyodhana (name of Duryodhana))

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the 'mahārathān' from the previous verse, i.e., the great charioteers or warriors allied with Duryodhana. (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive adjective.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Denotes a prior action.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - conversation, dialogue, discourse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, dialogue, discourse, agreement

From 'sam' (together) + 'vad' (to speak).

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of Duryodhana. (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Possessive adjective.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connecting 'conversation of them' and 'conversation of the king'.

सलिले (salile) - In the lake where Duryodhana was hiding. (in the water)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

Note: Specifies location.

सतः (sataḥ) - Of the king (Duryodhana) who was present in the water. (of the existing, of the being, of the present (one))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

present active participle

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājñaḥ'.

व्याधाः (vyādhāḥ) - hunters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

From 'vi' (away) + 'ādh' (to hit, strike).

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abhyajānan'.

अभ्यजानन् (abhyajānan) - they recognized, they knew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhijñā

From prefix 'abhi' (towards, regarding) + root 'jñā' (to know).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Imperfect tense.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often suffix for 'chief among X')
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address.

सलिलस्थम् (salilastham) - Duryodhana, who was hiding in the water. (situated in the water, remaining in the water)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of salilastha

salilastha - situated in the water, being in water

From 'salila' (water) + 'stha' (standing, situated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (salila+stha)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, residing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanam'.

सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (Suyodhana (name of Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (a name for Duryodhana, meaning 'good fighter' or 'easy to fight'), Duryodhana

From 'su' (good, easy) + 'yodhana' (fighter).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+yodhana)

• su – good, well, easy
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighter, fighting
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yudh' (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'abhyajānan'.