महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-29, verse-4

निशम्य पाण्डुपुत्राणां तदा विजयिनां स्वनम् ।
विद्रुतं शिबिरं दृष्ट्वा सायाह्ने राजगृद्धिनः ।
स्थानं नारोचयंस्तत्र ततस्ते ह्रदमभ्ययुः ॥४॥

4. niśamya pāṇḍuputrāṇāṁ tadā vijayināṁ svanam ,
vidrutaṁ śibiraṁ dṛṣṭvā sāyāhne rājagṛddhinaḥ ,
sthānaṁ nārocayaṁstatra tataste hradamabhyayuḥ.

4. niśamya pāṇḍuputrāṇām tadā vijayinām
svanam vidrutam śibiram dṛṣṭvā
sāya-ahne rāja-gṛddhinaḥ sthānam na
arocayan tatra tataḥ te hradam abhyayuḥ

4. tadā vijayinām pāṇḍuputrāṇām svanam
niśamya sāya-ahne vidrutam śibiram
dṛṣṭvā rāja-gṛddhinaḥ tatra sthānam
na arocayan tataḥ te hradam abhyayuḥ

4. Having then heard the roar of the victorious sons of Pandu, and having seen the deserted camp in the evening, those who were greedy for sovereignty (rāja-gṛddhinaḥ) did not approve of staying there. Thereupon, they approached a lake.

Words meanings summery:

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - of the sons of Pandu, of the Pandavas

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विजयिनाम् (vijayinām) - Describing the Pandavas, who had won the war. (of the victorious ones)

• स्वनम् (svanam) - The sound made by the victorious Pandavas, possibly their battle cries or joyful shouts. (sound, roar, noise)

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - Describing the camp as having been deserted due to flight. (scattered, fled, dispersed)

• शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp, encampment

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• साय-अह्ने (sāya-ahne) - in the evening

• राज-गृद्धिनः (rāja-gṛddhinaḥ) - Referring to the three surviving Kaurava warriors (Kritavarma, Kripa, Aśvatthāmā) who were still fighting for Duryodhana's kingdom. (greedy for kingdom, desirous of sovereignty)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - The location they were currently in (the deserted camp). (place, position, locality)

• न (na) - not, no

• अरोचयन् (arocayan) - they did not like, they did not approve

• तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the deserted camp. (there, in that place)

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicating a consequence or next action. (thereupon, then, from there)

• ते (te) - Referring to the three surviving Kaurava warriors. (they, those)

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake, pond, deep pool

• अभ्ययुः (abhyayuḥ) - they went towards, they approached

Words meanings and morphology

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from root śam (to be calm, hear) with prefix ni-, ending in -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - of the sons of Pandu, of the Pandavas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pandu, Pandava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name), yellowish-white
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' + 'dā' (time suffix)

विजयिनाम् (vijayinām) - Describing the Pandavas, who had won the war. (of the victorious ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vijayin

vijayin - victorious, conquering, victor

Possessive suffix -in

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with prefix vi-, and suffix -in.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

स्वनम् (svanam) - The sound made by the victorious Pandavas, possibly their battle cries or joyful shouts. (sound, roar, noise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svana

svana - sound, noise, roar, cry

Derived from root svan (to sound, roar)

Root: svan (class 1)

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - Describing the camp as having been deserted due to flight. (scattered, fled, dispersed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - fled, dispersed, scattered, run away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru (to run) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp, encampment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, encampment, tent

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

साय-अह्ने (sāya-ahne) - in the evening

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāya-ahan

sāya-ahan - evening, close of day

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāya+ahan)

• sāya – evening, sunset
  noun (masculine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

राज-गृद्धिनः (rāja-gṛddhinaḥ) - Referring to the three surviving Kaurava warriors (Kritavarma, Kripa, Aśvatthāmā) who were still fighting for Duryodhana's kingdom. (greedy for kingdom, desirous of sovereignty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rāja-gṛddhin

rāja-gṛddhin - greedy for sovereignty, desirous of kingdom, ambitious for kingship

Possessive suffix -in

Derived from rāja-gṛdh (to be greedy for kingdom)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+gṛdh)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• gṛdh – greed, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Root gṛdh 'to be greedy'
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - The location they were currently in (the deserted camp). (place, position, locality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, station, stand, situation

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

अरोचयन् (arocayan) - they did not like, they did not approve

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ruc

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person plural of √ruc.

Root: ruc (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the deserted camp. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' + 'tra' (locative suffix)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicating a consequence or next action. (thereupon, then, from there)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' + 'tas' (ablative suffix)

ते (te) - Referring to the three surviving Kaurava warriors. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake, pond, deep pool

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pool, deep part of a river

Root: hrad (class 1)

अभ्ययुः (abhyayuḥ) - they went towards, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of abhi-i

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person plural of root i (to go) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)