महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-33, verse-35

एवं पार्थो व्यपायात्स निहतप्रार्ष्टिसारथिः ।
अशक्नुवन्प्रमुखतः स्थातुं कर्णस्य दुर्मनाः ॥३५॥

35. evaṁ pārtho vyapāyātsa nihataprārṣṭisārathiḥ ,
aśaknuvanpramukhataḥ sthātuṁ karṇasya durmanāḥ.

35. evam pārthaḥ vyapāyāt saḥ nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathiḥ
aśaknuvan pramukhataḥ sthātum karṇasya durmanāḥ

35. evam saḥ nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathiḥ durmanāḥ pārthaḥ
karṇasya pramukhataḥ sthātum aśaknuvan vyapāyāt

35. In this way, Yudhishthira, the son of Pritha, retreated, as his spearman and charioteer had been killed. Being disheartened, he was unable to stand firm in front of Karna.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this way, thus (referring to the preceding events) (thus, in this manner, so)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the son of Pritha (son of Pritha, a Pandava)

• व्यपायात् (vyapāyāt) - he retreated (from battle) (he went away, he retreated, he departed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhishthira) (he, that (masculine))

• निहत-प्रार्ष्टि-सारथिः (nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathiḥ) - with his spearman and charioteer having been killed (with slain spearman and charioteer)

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (to stand) (not being able, unable)

• प्रमुखतः (pramukhataḥ) - in front of (Karna) (in front of, before, from the front)

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand (firm) (to stand, to stay, to remain)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna (governed by 'pramukhataḥ') (of Karna)

• दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - disheartened, dejected (due to the situation) (disheartened, dejected, sad)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this way, thus (referring to the preceding events) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the son of Pritha (son of Pritha, a Pandava)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), a Pandava (Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima)

Patronymic from Pṛthā (another name for Kuntī).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

व्यपायात् (vyapāyāt) - he retreated (from battle) (he went away, he retreated, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect / aorist (luṅ / laṅ) of vyapā

Imperfect Tense (or Aorist)

From root i (to go) with upasargas vi and apa.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhishthira) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Nominative singular masculine.

निहत-प्रार्ष्टि-सारथिः (nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathiḥ) - with his spearman and charioteer having been killed (with slain spearman and charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathi

nihata-prārṣṭi-sārathi - having the spearman and charioteer slain

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nihata+prārṣṭi+sārathi)

• nihata – slain, killed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni-han (to strike down, kill)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• prārṣṭi – spearman, charioteer's assistant
  noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the state of Yudhishthira's chariot staff.

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (to stand) (not being able, unable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - not able, unable

Present Active Participle (negative)

From na + root śak (to be able) with present participle suffix -vat.

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the subject's inability.

प्रमुखतः (pramukhataḥ) - in front of (Karna) (in front of, before, from the front)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas. From pramukha (front).

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand (firm) (to stand, to stay, to remain)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum from root sthā.

Root: sthā (class 1)

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna (governed by 'pramukhataḥ') (of Karna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, Karna (proper name)

दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - disheartened, dejected (due to the situation) (disheartened, dejected, sad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmanas

durmanas - ill-minded, sad, dejected, disheartened

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+manas)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)