महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-33, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
विदार्य कर्णस्तां सेनां धर्मराजमुपाद्रवत् ।
रथहस्त्यश्वपत्तीनां सहस्रैः परिवारितः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vidārya karṇastāṁ senāṁ dharmarājamupādravat ,
rathahastyaśvapattīnāṁ sahasraiḥ parivāritaḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca vidārya karṇaḥ tām senām dharmarājam
upādravat rathahastyaśvapattīnām sahasraiḥ parivāritaḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca karṇaḥ tām senām vidārya rathahastyaśvapattīnām
sahasraiḥ parivāritaḥ dharmarājam upādravat

1. Sañjaya said: Karṇa, having torn apart that army, rushed towards Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira), surrounded by thousands of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विदार्य (vidārya) - having torn apart, having split, having pierced

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira), the king of righteousness (dharma)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

• रथहस्त्यश्वपत्तीनाम् (rathahastyaśvapattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers

• सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active third singular

root vac, perfect tense, third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

विदार्य (vidārya) - having torn apart, having split, having pierced

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund with prefix

root dṝ with prefix vi-, absolutivizer -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: dṝ (class 9)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name, 'ear')

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

accusative singular feminine of tad

सेनाम् (senām) - army

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira), the king of righteousness (dharma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness (dharma), Yudhishthira

tatpuruṣa compound: dharma (righteousness, law) + rāja (king)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, law, natural law, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upādrav

imperfect active third singular

root drap with prefixes upa-ā, imperfect tense, third person singular active

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: drap (class 1)

रथहस्त्यश्वपत्तीनाम् (rathahastyaśvapattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathahastyaśvapattin

rathahastyaśvapattin - chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers (collectively)

dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+hastin+aśva+pattin)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pattin – foot-soldier, infantryman
  noun (masculine)

सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

vṛ - to cover, surround

past passive participle

root vṛ, with prefix pari-, past passive participle

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)