महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-266, verse-43

ततो मलयमारुह्य पश्यन्तो वरुणालयम् ।
विषण्णा व्यथिताः खिन्ना निराशा जीविते भृशम् ॥४३॥

43. tato malayamāruhya paśyanto varuṇālayam ,
viṣaṇṇā vyathitāḥ khinnā nirāśā jīvite bhṛśam.

43. tataḥ malayam āruhya paśyantaḥ varuṇālayam
viṣaṇṇāḥ vyathitāḥ khinnāḥ nirāśāḥ jīvite bhṛśam

43. Then, having ascended Mount Malaya and gazing at the ocean (varuṇālaya), we were deeply dejected, distressed, exhausted, and utterly hopeless about our lives.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, thereafter

• मलयम् (malayam) - Mount Malaya

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed, having ascended

• पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, gazing

• वरुणालयम् (varuṇālayam) - the abode of Varuṇa, the ocean

• विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• खिन्नाः (khinnāḥ) - exhausted, weary, saddened

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, without hope

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, utterly

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun base ta-

मलयम् (malayam) - Mount Malaya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of malaya

malaya - Malaya (a mountain range in southern India)

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed, having ascended

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root ruh with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, gazing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

present active participle

Derived from root dṛś (with 'paśya' stem in present tense)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implies 'we who were seeing'

वरुणालयम् (varuṇālayam) - the abode of Varuṇa, the ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varuṇālaya

varuṇālaya - abode of Varuṇa, ocean

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varuṇa+ālaya)

• varuṇa – Varuṇa (Vedic deity of cosmic order, ocean)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (masculine)

विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, disheartened, sad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sad with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'we' (implied subjects of the sentence)

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'we'

खिन्नाः (khinnāḥ) - exhausted, weary, saddened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khinna

khinna - exhausted, weary, saddened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root khid

Root: khid (class 7)

Note: Refers to 'we'

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, without hope

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśā

nirāśā - hopeless, devoid of hope

Compound with prefix nir- (without) and āśā (hope)

Note: Agrees with implied 'we'

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle (often used as noun)

Derived from root jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Hopeless in/about life.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, utterly

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the adjectives (dejected, distressed, exhausted, hopeless).