महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-266, verse-38

प्रविशामो वयं तां तु बहुयोजनमायताम् ।
अन्धकारां सुविपिनां गहनां कीटसेविताम् ॥३८॥

38. praviśāmo vayaṁ tāṁ tu bahuyojanamāyatām ,
andhakārāṁ suvipināṁ gahanāṁ kīṭasevitām.

38. praviśāmaḥ vayam tām tu bahuyojanam āyatām
andhakārām suvipīnām gahanām kīṭasevitām

38. But we entered that (cave), which was many yojanas (a measure of distance) long, dark, densely forested, impenetrable, and infested by insects.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रविशामः (praviśāmaḥ) - we entered (narrative past) (we enter, we penetrate)

• वयम् (vayam) - The Vanaras (Hanuman and his companions) (we)

• ताम् (tām) - that (cave, referring to `mahāguhām` from the previous verse) (her, that)

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting or sequential point in the narrative (but, indeed, however)

• बहुयोजनम् (bahuyojanam) - many yojanas (a measure of distance), several leagues

• आयताम् (āyatām) - extended, long, wide, extensive

• अन्धकाराम् (andhakārām) - dark, full of darkness, gloomy

• सुविपीनाम् (suvipīnām) - densely forested, very woody, having dense groves

• गहनाम् (gahanām) - impenetrable, dense, thick, profound

• कीटसेविताम् (kīṭasevitām) - frequented by insects, infested by worms

Words meanings and morphology

प्रविशामः (praviśāmaḥ) - we entered (narrative past) (we enter, we penetrate)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of viś

Present Active

Prefix `pra` + root `viś` (6th class, `viśati`), Present tense, 1st person plural. The final `ḥ` (visarga) can change in sandhi.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

वयम् (vayam) - The Vanaras (Hanuman and his companions) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to Hanuman and his group.

ताम् (tām) - that (cave, referring to `mahāguhām` from the previous verse) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `praviśāmaḥ`.

तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting or sequential point in the narrative (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

बहुयोजनम् (bahuyojanam) - many yojanas (a measure of distance), several leagues

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahuyojana

bahuyojana - extending for many yojanas, of several yojanas in extent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+yojana)

• bahu – much, many, abundant, numerous
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• yojana – a measure of distance (approx. 8-15 km), yoking, journey, union
  noun (neuter)
  Root `yuj` (to yoke, join) + `ana` suffix.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative of extent, describing the length of the cave.

आयताम् (āyatām) - extended, long, wide, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āyata

āyata - extended, stretched, long, broad, extensive, regulated

Past Passive Participle

Prefix `ā` + root `yam` (1st class, `yacchati`) + `kta` suffix. Feminine form `āyatā` in the accusative singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tām` (the cave).

अन्धकाराम् (andhakārām) - dark, full of darkness, gloomy

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of andhakāra

andhakāra - darkness, gloom; dark, gloomy

Note: Qualifies `tām`.

सुविपीनाम् (suvipīnām) - densely forested, very woody, having dense groves

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suvipīna

suvipīna - very woody, densely forested, having dense groves or forests

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+vipīna)

• su – good, well, very, intensely, thoroughly
  indeclinable
• vipīna – woody, forested, belonging to a forest
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Derived from `vipina` (forest, grove) with adjectival suffix.

Note: Qualifies `tām`.

गहनाम् (gahanām) - impenetrable, dense, thick, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, thick, deep, profound, impenetrable, difficult to traverse

Root: gah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tām`.

कीटसेविताम् (kīṭasevitām) - frequented by insects, infested by worms

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīṭasevita

kīṭasevita - frequented by insects, infested by worms, resorted to by insects

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kīṭa+sevita)

• kīṭa – insect, worm, vermin, any small animal
  noun (masculine)
• sevita – served, attended, frequented, inhabited, resorted to
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root `sev` (1st class, `sevate`) + `kta` suffix.
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tām`.