महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-266, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
राघवस्तु ससौमित्रिः सुग्रीवेणाभिपालितः ।
वसन्माल्यवतः पृष्ठे ददर्श विमलं नभः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
rāghavastu sasaumitriḥ sugrīveṇābhipālitaḥ ,
vasanmālyavataḥ pṛṣṭhe dadarśa vimalaṁ nabhaḥ.

1. Mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca rāghavaḥ tu sasaumitriḥ sugrīveṇa
abhipālitaḥ vasan mālyavataḥ pṛṣṭhe dadarśa vimalam nabhaḥ

1. Mārkaṇḍeya spoke: Rāghava (Rāma), with Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa) and protected by Sugrīva, saw the clear sky while residing on the summit of Mount Mālyavat.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - referring to Rāma (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ससौमित्रिः (sasaumitriḥ) - with Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa)

• सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugrīva

• अभिपालितः (abhipālitaḥ) - protected, guarded

• वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, residing, living

• माल्यवतः (mālyavataḥ) - of Mālyavat (a mountain)

• पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the summit of the mountain (on the back, on the surface, on the summit)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

• विमलम् (vimalam) - pure, clear, spotless

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Mārkaṇḍeya

Mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of an ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - referring to Rāma (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ससौमित्रिः (sasaumitriḥ) - with Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasaumitri

sasaumitri - accompanied by Saumitri, with Lakṣmaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+saumitri)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• saumitri – son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: used here as a substantive adjective, referring to Rāma who is with Lakṣmaṇa

सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (king of the monkeys)

अभिपालितः (abhipālitaḥ) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhipālita

abhipālita - protected, guarded, nourished

Past Passive Participle

from prefix abhi + root pā (to protect) + kta

Prefix: abhi

Root: pā (class 2)

वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, residing, living

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing, living

Present Active Participle

from root vas (to dwell) + śatṛ

Root: vas (class 1)

माल्यवतः (mālyavataḥ) - of Mālyavat (a mountain)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mālyavat

mālyavat - Mālyavat (name of a mountain)

suff. matup (indicating possession)

पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the summit of the mountain (on the back, on the surface, on the summit)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, surface, top, summit

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विमलम् (vimalam) - pure, clear, spotless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vimala

vimala - pure, clear, spotless, stainless

from vi (prefix) + mala (dirt, impurity)

नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud