महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-266, verse-37

विचित्य दक्षिणामाशां सपर्वतवनाकराम् ।
श्रान्ताः काले व्यतीते स्म दृष्टवन्तो महागुहाम् ॥३७॥

37. vicitya dakṣiṇāmāśāṁ saparvatavanākarām ,
śrāntāḥ kāle vyatīte sma dṛṣṭavanto mahāguhām.

37. vicitya dakṣiṇām āśām saparvatavanākarām
śrāntāḥ kāle vyatīte sma dṛṣṭavantaḥ mahāguhām

37. After thoroughly searching the southern direction, which encompassed mountains, forests, and mines, we became exhausted as time passed, and then we perceived a great cave.

Words meanings summery:

• विचित्य (vicitya) - having searched, having investigated

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (direction) (southern, right)

• आशाम् (āśām) - direction (direction, region, hope)

• सपर्वतवनाकराम् (saparvatavanākarām) - with mountains, forests, and mines/sources

• श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - tired, weary, exhausted

• काले (kāle) - as time passed (in time, at the proper time)

• व्यतीते (vyatīte) - having passed, gone by, elapsed

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (indicates past tense when used with present tense verb, here used for emphasis)

• दृष्टवन्तः (dṛṣṭavantaḥ) - having seen, who have seen

• महागुहाम् (mahāguhām) - a great cave, large cavern

Words meanings and morphology

विचित्य (vicitya) - having searched, having investigated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Pūrvakālikakṛdanta)

Prefix `vi` + root `ci` (5th class, `cinoti`) + `lyap` suffix (used when a prefix is present).

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (direction) (southern, right)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right (side), skillful, sincere, honest

Root: dakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `āśām`.

आशाम् (āśām) - direction (direction, region, hope)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - direction, region, quarter of the sky, hope, expectation

Root: aś (class 5)

सपर्वतवनाकराम् (saparvatavanākarām) - with mountains, forests, and mines/sources

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saparvatavanākara

saparvatavanākara - accompanied by mountains, forests, and mines/sources; having mountains, forests, and mines

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+parvata+vana+ākara)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with, having
  indeclinable
• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove, thicket
  noun (neuter)
• ākara – mine, source, origin, collection, treasury
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix `ā` + root `kṛ` (8th class, `karoti`) + `a` suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `āśām`.

श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - tired, weary, exhausted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted, rested, relaxed

Past Passive Participle

Root `śram` (4th class, `śrāmyati`) + `kta` suffix. Masculine plural nominative form `śrāntāḥ`.

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Describes the implied subject, the Vanaras (monkey companions).

काले (kāle) - as time passed (in time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, suitable time, opportunity

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with `vyatīte`.

व्यतीते (vyatīte) - having passed, gone by, elapsed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, gone by, elapsed, past

Past Passive Participle

Prefixes `vi` + `ati` + root `i` (2nd class, `eti`) + `kta` suffix. Masculine singular locative form `vyatīte`.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `kāle` in a locative absolute construction.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (indicates past tense when used with present tense verb, here used for emphasis)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the state of being weary and having seen.

दृष्टवन्तः (dṛṣṭavantaḥ) - having seen, who have seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛṣṭavat

dṛṣṭavat - having seen, one who has seen

Past Active Participle

Root `dṛś` (1st class, `paśyati`) + `ktavatu` suffix. Masculine plural nominative form `dṛṣṭavantaḥ`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject, the Vanaras.

महागुहाम् (mahāguhām) - a great cave, large cavern

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāguhā

mahāguhā - great cave, large cavern

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+guhā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
  Stem form of `mahat` (great), often used as the first member of compounds.
• guhā – cave, cavern, grotto, hiding place
  noun (feminine)
  Root `guh` (to hide) + `ā` suffix.
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭavantaḥ`.