महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-266, verse-24

गतास्तु दक्षिणामाशां ये वै वानरपुंगवाः ।
आशावांस्तेषु काकुत्स्थः प्राणानार्तोऽप्यधारयत् ॥२४॥

24. gatāstu dakṣiṇāmāśāṁ ye vai vānarapuṁgavāḥ ,
āśāvāṁsteṣu kākutsthaḥ prāṇānārto'pyadhārayat.

24. gatāḥ tu dakṣiṇām āśām ye vai vānarapuṃgavāḥ
āśāvān teṣu kākutsthaḥ prāṇān ārtaḥ api adhārayat

24. Among those excellent monkeys (vānarapuṃgavāḥ) who had gone to the southern direction, Rāma (kākutsthaḥ), though afflicted, still maintained his life, sustained by hope.

Words meanings summery:

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, departed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (southern, right)

• आशाम् (āśām) - direction (direction, region, hope)

• ये (ye) - who, which

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• वानरपुंगवाः (vānarapuṁgavāḥ) - chief monkeys, excellent monkeys

• आशावान् (āśāvān) - hopeful, having hope

• तेषु (teṣu) - among them

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Kakutstha)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - vital breaths, life

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, indeed)

• अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he sustained, he held, he bore

Words meanings and morphology

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'vānarapuṃgavāḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (southern, right)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful, able

Note: Modifies 'āśām'.

आशाम् (āśām) - direction (direction, region, hope)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, desire, direction, region

Note: Object of motion.

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Refers to 'vānarapuṃgavāḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

वानरपुंगवाः (vānarapuṁgavāḥ) - chief monkeys, excellent monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānarapuṃgava

vānarapuṁgava - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vānara+puṃgava)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the 'who had gone' clause.

आशावान् (āśāvān) - hopeful, having hope

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśāvat

āśāvat - hopeful, having hope

From 'āśā' (hope) + suffix 'mat/vat'

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ'.

तेषु (teṣu) - among them

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Kakutstha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, an epithet of Rama

Note: Subject of 'adhārayat'.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - vital breaths, life

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

Note: Object of 'adhārayat'.

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with 'ā' prefix, or from 'art' (to pain).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he sustained, he held, he bore

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dhārayati

Causal stem of dhṛ

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice of the causal stem.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)