महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-63

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः ।
एतेषु कथयन्राजन्ब्राह्मणो न प्रदुष्यति ॥६३॥

63. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāstrayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ ,
eteṣu kathayanrājanbrāhmaṇo na praduṣyati.

63. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ trayaḥ varṇāḥ dvijātayaḥ
eteṣu kathayan rājan brāhmaṇaḥ na praduṣyati

63. rājan brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ trayaḥ varṇāḥ
dvijātayaḥ eteṣu kathayan brāhmaṇaḥ na praduṣyati

63. Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas are the three social classes (varṇa) who are considered twice-born (dvija). O King, a brahmin who speaks among them does not incur any fault.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas, members of the warrior class

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors)

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - who are twice-born (dvija) (twice-born ones, brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas)

• एतेषु (eteṣu) - among them (among these, in these)

• कथयन् (kathayan) - who speaks (narrating, speaking, telling (present participle))

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रदुष्यति (praduṣyati) - does not incur any fault (becomes corrupt, is harmed, commits a fault)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, relating to brahman

From 'brahman' + 'aṇ' suffix.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas, members of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class

From 'kṣatra' (rule, dominion) + 'iya' suffix.

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the agricultural, pastoral, and mercantile class

From 'viś' (people, community) + 'ya' suffix.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying 'varṇāḥ'.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, social class, caste

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - who are twice-born (dvija) (twice-born ones, brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (referring to the three upper varṇas)

Compound of 'dvi' (twice) and 'jāti' (birth, family).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāti – birth, lineage, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

एतेषु (eteṣu) - among them (among these, in these)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter locative plural of 'etas'.

कथयन् (kathayan) - who speaks (narrating, speaking, telling (present participle))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathay - to tell, to narrate, to explain

Present Active Participle

From root 'kath' (class 10), or denominative from 'kathā'. 'kathay' is the stem, 'kathayan' is the nom. sg. m.

Root: kath (class 10)

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root 'rāj' (to shine, rule) with suffix 'an'.

Root: rāj (class 1)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, relating to brahman

From 'brahman' + 'aṇ' suffix.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रदुष्यति (praduṣyati) - does not incur any fault (becomes corrupt, is harmed, commits a fault)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of praduṣ

From root 'duṣ' (class 4) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: duṣ (class 4)