महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मित्रसौहृदभावेन उपदेशं करोति यः ।
जात्यावरस्य राजर्षे दोषस्तस्य भवेन्न वा ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
mitrasauhṛdabhāvena upadeśaṁ karoti yaḥ ,
jātyāvarasya rājarṣe doṣastasya bhavenna vā.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca mitrasauhṛdabhāvena upadeśam karoti
yaḥ jātyāvarasya rājarṣe doṣaḥ tasya bhavet na vā

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca rājarṣe yaḥ mitrasauhṛdabhāvena
jātyāvarasya upadeśam karoti tasya doṣaḥ bhavet na vā

1. Yudhishthira said: "O royal sage, if one gives advice out of friendship and goodwill to a person of lower birth, does any fault attach to him or not?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• मित्रसौहृदभावेन (mitrasauhṛdabhāvena) - out of friendship and goodwill (by friendship and goodwill, with a feeling of friendship)

• उपदेशम् (upadeśam) - advice (advice, instruction)

• करोति (karoti) - gives (literally 'makes' advice) (does, makes, performs)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, whoever)

• जात्यावरस्य (jātyāvarasya) - to a person of lower birth (of one of lower birth/caste)

• राजर्षे (rājarṣe) - O royal sage (addressing Bhishma) (O royal sage)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, blame (fault, defect, blame)

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, of him)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - will there be (may be, should be, would be)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; name of the eldest Pandava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मित्रसौहृदभावेन (mitrasauhṛdabhāvena) - out of friendship and goodwill (by friendship and goodwill, with a feeling of friendship)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mitrasauhṛdabhāva

mitrasauhṛdabhāva - feeling of friendship and goodwill

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+sauhṛda+bhāva)

• mitra – friend
  noun (masculine)
• sauhṛda – friendship, goodwill
  noun (neuter)
  derived from suhṛd (friend)
• bhāva – state, condition, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

उपदेशम् (upadeśam) - advice (advice, instruction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, advice, teaching

from upa-diś (to point out, instruct)

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

करोति (karoti) - gives (literally 'makes' advice) (does, makes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present active

Present 3rd person singular active of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

जात्यावरस्य (jātyāvarasya) - to a person of lower birth (of one of lower birth/caste)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jātyāvara

jātyāvara - of lower birth or caste

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jāti+avara)

• jāti – birth, lineage, caste
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• avara – inferior, lower
  adjective (masculine)

राजर्षे (rājarṣe) - O royal sage (addressing Bhishma) (O royal sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, blame (fault, defect, blame)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, blame

from root duṣ (to be corrupt)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भवेत् (bhavet) - will there be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

optative active

Optative 3rd person singular active of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)